2540C Series Manual Datasheet by B&K Precision

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K Efilfi“. ® "EUIWV Series: 254°C 2 CH Digital Storage Oscilloscope Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes USER MANUAL
Series: 2540C
2 CH
Digital Storage Oscilloscopes
Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes
USER MANUAL
i
Safety Summary
The following safety precautions apply to both operating and maintenance personnel and must be
followed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument.
Before applying power to this instrument:
• Read and understand the safety and operational information in this manual.
• Apply all the listed safety precautions.
• Verify that the voltage selector at the line power cord input is set to the correct line voltage.
Operating the instrument at an incorrect line voltage will void the warranty.
• Make all connections to the instrument before applying power.
• Do not operate the instrument in ways not specified by this manual or by B&K Precision.
Failure to comply with these precautions or with warnings elsewhere in this manual violates the
safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. B&K Precision
assumes no liability for a customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
Category rating
The IEC 61010 standard defines safety category ratings that specify the amount of electrical energy
available and the voltage impulses that may occur on electrical conductors associated with these
category ratings. The category rating is a Roman numeral of I, II, III, or IV. This rating is also
accompanied by a maximum voltage of the circuit to be tested, which defines the voltage impulses
expected and required insulation clearances. These categories are:
Category I (CAT I): Measurement instruments whose measurement inputs are not intended to be
connected to the mains supply. The voltages in the environment are typically derived from a
limited-energy transformer or a battery.
Category II (CAT II): Measurement instruments whose measurement inputs are meant to be
connected to the mains supply at a standard wall outlet or similar sources. Example measurement
environments are portable tools and household appliances.
Category III (CAT III): Measurement instruments whose measurement inputs are meant to be
connected to the mains installation of a building. Examples are measurements inside a building's
circuit breaker panel or the wiring of permanently-installed motors.
Category IV (CAT IV): Measurement instruments whose measurement inputs are meant to be
connected to the primary power entering a building or other outdoor wiring.
Measurement Categories
These digital oscilloscopes can make measurements in measurement category I (CAT I).
Do not exceed a voltage input of more than 5 V absolute value for a 50 Ω impedance input or 400 V
absolute value for a 1 MΩ impedance input.
AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING
ii
This oscilloscope can only be used for measurements within its specified measurement category.
Do not use this instrument in an electrical environment with a higher category rating than what is
specified in this manual for this instrument.
You must ensure that each accessory you use with this instrument has a category rating equal to
or higher than the instrument's category rating to maintain the instrument's category rating.
Failure to do so will lower the category rating of the measuring system.
Electrical Power
This instrument is intended to be powered from a CATEGORY II mains power environment. The
mains power should be 120 V RMS or 240 V RMS. Use only the power cord supplied with the
instrument and ensure it is appropriate for your country of use.
Ground the Instrument
To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical
safety ground. This instrument is grounded through the ground conductor of the supplied three-
conductor AC line power cable. The power cable must be plugged into an approved three-
conductor electrical outlet. The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet IEC safety
standards.
Do not alter or defeat the ground connection. Without the safety ground connection, all accessible
conductive parts (including control knobs) may provide an electric shock. Failure to use a properly-
grounded approved outlet and the recommended three-conductor AC line power cable may result
in injury or death.
Unless otherwise stated, a ground connection on the instrument's front or rear panel is for a
reference of potential only and is not to be used as a safety ground.
Do not operate in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or vapors, fumes, or finely-
divided particulates.
AWARNING ACAUTION AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING
iii
The instrument is designed to be used in office-type indoor environments. Do not operate the
instrument
• In the presence of noxious, corrosive, or flammable fumes, gases, vapors, chemicals, or
finely-divided particulates.
• In relative humidity conditions outside the instrument's specifications.
• In environments where there is a danger of any liquid being spilled on the instrument or
where any liquid can condense on the instrument.
• In air temperatures exceeding the specified operating temperatures.
• In atmospheric pressures outside the specified altitude limits or where the surrounding gas
is not air.
• In environments with restricted cooling air flow, even if the air temperatures are within
specifications.
• In direct sunlight.
This instrument is intended to be used in an indoor pollution degree 2 environment. The operating
temperature range is 10 °C to 40 °C and the operating humidity is ≤ 85 % relative humidity at 40 °C,
with no condensation allowed. Measurements made by this instrument may be outside
specifications if the instrument is used in non-office-type environments. Such environments may
include rapid temperature or humidity changes, sunlight, vibration and/or mechanical shocks,
acoustic noise, electrical noise, strong electric fields, or strong magnetic fields.
Do not operate instrument if damaged
If the instrument is damaged, appears to be damaged, or if any liquid, chemical, or other material
gets on or inside the instrument, remove the instrument's power cord, remove the instrument
from service, label it as not to be operated, and return the instrument to B&K Precision for repair.
Notify B&K Precision of the nature of any contamination of the instrument.
Clean the instrument only as instructed
AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING AWARNING ACAUTION
iv
Do not clean the instrument, its switches, or its terminals with contact cleaners, abrasives,
lubricants, solvents, acids/bases, or other such chemicals. Clean the instrument only with a clean
dry lint-free cloth or as instructed in this manual.
Not for critical applications.
This instrument is not authorized for use in contact with the human body or for use as a component
in a life-support device or system.
Do not touch live circuits
Instrument covers must not be removed by operating personnel. Component replacement and
internal adjustments must be made by qualified service-trained maintenance personnel who are
aware of the hazards involved when the instrument's covers and shields are removed. Under
certain conditions, even with the power cord removed, dangerous voltages may exist when the
covers are removed. To avoid injuries, always disconnect the power cord from the instrument,
disconnect all other connections (for example, test leads, computer interface cables, etc.),
discharge all circuits, and verify there are no hazardous voltages present on any conductors by
measurements with a properly-operating voltage-sensing device before touching any internal parts.
Verify the voltage-sensing device is working properly before and after making the measurements
by testing with known-operating voltage sources and test for both DC and AC voltages. Do not
attempt any service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and
resuscitation is present.
Do not insert any object into an instrument's ventilation openings or other openings.
Hazardous voltages may be present in unexpected locations in circuitry being tested when a fault
condition in the circuit exists.
Servicing
Do not substitute parts that are not approved by B&K Precision or modify this instrument. Return
the instrument to B&K Precision for service and repair to ensure that safety and performance
features are maintained.
ACAUTION AWARNING
v
Cooling fans
This instrument contains one or more cooling fans. For continued safe operation of the instrument,
the air inlet and exhaust openings for these fans must not be blocked nor must accumulated dust
or other debris be allowed to reduce air flow. Maintain at least 25 mm clearance around the sides
of the instrument that contain air inlet and exhaust ports. If mounted in a rack, position power
devices in the rack above the instrument to minimize instrument heating while rack mounted. Do
not continue to operate the instrument if you cannot verify the fan is operating (note some fans
may have intermittent duty cycles). Do not insert any object into the fan's inlet or outlet.
For continued safe use of the instrument
• Do not place heavy objects on the instrument.
• Do not obstruct cooling air flow to the instrument.
• Do not place a hot soldering iron on the instrument.
• Do not pull the instrument with the power cord, connected probe, or connected test lead.
• Do not move the instrument when a probe is connected to a circuit being tested.
This product is subject to Directive 2002/96/EC of the
vi
Compliance Statements
Disposal of Old Electrical & Electronic Equipment (Applicable in the European Union and other
European countries with separate collection systems)
This product is subject to Directive 2002/96/EC of the
European Parliament and the Council of the European Union
on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and in
jurisdictions adopting that Directive, is marked as being put on
the market after August 13, 2005, and should not be disposed
of as unsorted municipal waste. Please utilize your local WEEE
collection facilities in the disposition of this product and
otherwise observe all applicable requirements.
vii
CE Declaration of Conformity
This instrument meets the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive (EC Directive 2006/95/EC),
Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EC Directive 2004/108/EC) and their amendments.
Safety Directive
- EN 61010-1: 2010
EMC Directive
- EN 61326-1:2013
- EN 61000-3-2:2006+A2:2009
- EN 61000-3-3: 2008
- EN 61000-4-2:2009
- EN 61000-4-3:2006+A1 :2008
- EN 61000-4-4:2004+A1 :2010
- EN 61000-4-5:2006
- EN 61000-4-6:2009
- EN 61000-4-11:2004
- CISPR 11:2009
Refer to the user manual for warning Off (Supply). This is the AC mains Calls attention to an operating procedure, I I Gil life»? Calls attention to an operating procedure, fl
viii
Safety Symbols
injury and prevent damage to instrument.
Electric Shock hazard
Alternating current (AC)
Chassis (earth ground) symbol.
Ground terminal
power switch when instrument is ON.
Off (Power). This is the Out position of the
power switch when instrument is OFF.
connect/disconnect switch
instrument.
practice, or condition which, if not followed
or handled correctly, could result in damage
to or destruction of the
measurement.
practice, or condition which, if not followed
or handled correctly, could result in injury
or death.
Notations
TEXT – Denotes a softkey.
TEXT – Denotes a front panel button.
ix
Contents
Safety Summary ..................................................................................................................... i
Compliance Statements ............................................................................................................... vi
Safety Symbols ........................................................................................................................... viii
Notations ............................................................................................................................ viii
1 General Information ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Product Overview .............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Package Contents .............................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Product Dimensions ........................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Front Panel......................................................................................................................... 3
Front Panel Description ..................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Rear Panel .......................................................................................................................... 4
Back Panel Description ...................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Display Information ........................................................................................................... 5
User Interface Description ................................................................................................ 5
User Interface Functionality .............................................................................................. 6
2 Getting Started................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Input Power Requirements ............................................................................................... 9
2.2 Line Voltage and Fuse Requirements ................................................................................ 9
2.3 Preliminary Check ............................................................................................................ 11
Security Lock .................................................................................................................... 11
Verify AC Input Voltage ................................................................................................... 11
Connect Power ................................................................................................................ 11
Adjust the Support Feet .................................................................................................. 12
2.4 Power-on Inspection........................................................................................................ 12
Self-Test ........................................................................................................................... 13
Self-Calibration ................................................................................................................ 13
Check Model and Firmware Version ............................................................................... 13
Connect the Probe ........................................................................................................... 13
Probe Compensation ....................................................................................................... 13
Probe Safety .................................................................................................................... 14
Probe Attenuation ........................................................................................................... 15
3 Main Functions and Operating Descriptions ................................................................... 16
3.1 Menu and Control Buttons .............................................................................................. 16
3.2 Connectors ....................................................................................................................... 18
Analog and External Trigger Connectors ......................................................................... 18
Digital Connector ............................................................................................................. 18
x
Front Panel USB Connector ............................................................................................. 19
Rear Panel Connectors .................................................................................................... 19
3.3 Vertical System ................................................................................................................ 20
To Enable the Channel ..................................................................................................... 20
Adjust the Vertical Scale .................................................................................................. 21
Adjust the Vertical Position ............................................................................................. 21
Specify Channel Coupling ................................................................................................ 21
Specify Bandwidth Limit .................................................................................................. 22
Specify Probe Attenuation Factor ................................................................................... 22
Specify Channel Input Impedance ................................................................................... 22
Specify the Amplitude Unit ............................................................................................. 23
Deskew ............................................................................................................................ 23
Inverting a Waveform...................................................................................................... 23
3.4 Horizontal System ............................................................................................................ 24
Horizontal Scale Knob ...................................................................................................... 24
Adjust Trigger Delay ........................................................................................................ 25
Roll mode ......................................................................................................................... 25
The Zoom Function .......................................................................................................... 25
3.5 Run Control ...................................................................................................................... 27
3.6 Universal Knob ................................................................................................................. 27
Adjust the waveform intensity ........................................................................................ 27
Universal Knob................................................................................................................. 27
3.7 On-line Help ..................................................................................................................... 28
4 Sample System Configuration ........................................................................................ 29
4.1 Run Control ...................................................................................................................... 29
4.2 Overview of Sampling ...................................................................................................... 29
Sampling Theory .............................................................................................................. 29
Sampling Rate .................................................................................................................. 29
Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Sample Rate ...................................................................... 31
4.3 Memory Depth ................................................................................................................ 32
4.4 Sampling Mode ................................................................................................................ 33
4.5 Waveform Interpolation Method .................................................................................... 33
4.6 Acquisition Mode ............................................................................................................. 36
Normal mode (default) .................................................................................................... 36
Peak Detect ..................................................................................................................... 36
Average ............................................................................................................................ 37
Eres (Enhanced Resolution) ............................................................................................. 39
4.7 Horizontal Format ............................................................................................................ 40
4.8 Sequence Mode ............................................................................................................... 41
Using the Sequence Mode: ............................................................................................. 41
Replaying a sequence of captured waveforms ............................................................... 42
5 Trigger .......................................................................................................................... 43
xi
5.1 Overview of triggering ..................................................................................................... 44
5.2 Auto Setup ....................................................................................................................... 44
5.3 Setting the Trigger ........................................................................................................... 44
5.4 Trigger Source .................................................................................................................. 45
5.5 Trigger Mode ................................................................................................................... 45
5.6 Trigger Level .................................................................................................................... 46
5.7 Trigger Coupling ............................................................................................................... 47
5.8 Trigger Hold Off ............................................................................................................... 47
5.9 Noise Rejection ................................................................................................................ 48
5.10 Trigger Types ................................................................................................................... 49
Edge Trigger ..................................................................................................................... 50
Slope Trigger .................................................................................................................... 51
Pulse Trigger .................................................................................................................... 53
Video Trigger ................................................................................................................... 55
Window Trigger ............................................................................................................... 58
Interval Trigger ................................................................................................................ 60
DropOut Trigger............................................................................................................... 61
Runt Trigger ..................................................................................................................... 64
Pattern Trigger................................................................................................................. 66
Serial Trigger .................................................................................................................... 68
6 Math Functions ............................................................................................................. 78
6.1 Math Operations and Their Units .................................................................................... 78
6.2 Addition and Subtraction................................................................................................. 78
6.3 Multiplication and Division .............................................................................................. 79
6.4 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) ........................................................................................... 79
6.5 Differentiation ................................................................................................................. 81
6.6 Integration ....................................................................................................................... 82
6.7 Square Root ..................................................................................................................... 84
7 Cursors .......................................................................................................................... 85
7.1 Manual ............................................................................................................................. 85
7.2 Track ................................................................................................................................ 86
8 Auto Measurement ....................................................................................................... 87
8.1 Type of Measurement ..................................................................................................... 88
Voltage Measurements ................................................................................................... 88
Time Measurements ....................................................................................................... 89
Delay Measurements ...................................................................................................... 89
8.2 Statistics ........................................................................................................................... 90
8.3 Gate ................................................................................................................................. 90
8.4 To Clear Measurement Parameters ................................................................................ 91
8.5 All Measure ...................................................................................................................... 91
xii
9 Display Settings ............................................................................................................. 91
Display Type ..................................................................................................................... 91
Color-Grade ..................................................................................................................... 93
Persistence ...................................................................................................................... 94
Clear the Display .............................................................................................................. 94
Grid Type ......................................................................................................................... 95
Grid Brightness ................................................................................................................ 95
Waveform Intensity ......................................................................................................... 95
Transparency ................................................................................................................... 95
10 Save and Recall ............................................................................................................. 97
10.1 Save Type ......................................................................................................................... 97
Setups .............................................................................................................................. 97
Reference ........................................................................................................................ 97
Binary ............................................................................................................................... 97
BMP (screen picture) ....................................................................................................... 97
CSV ................................................................................................................................... 97
MATLAB® ....................................................................................................................... 98
10.2 Setup Internal Save and Recall ........................................................................................ 98
Save setup to internal memory ....................................................................................... 98
Load setup from internal memory .................................................................................. 98
10.3 External save and recall ................................................................................................... 98
External Save ................................................................................................................... 98
Recall an external file ...................................................................................................... 99
10.4 File Management ............................................................................................................. 99
Create a New File or Folder ........................................................................................... 100
Delete a file or folder .................................................................................................... 101
Rename a file or a folder ............................................................................................... 101
Security erase ................................................................................................................ 101
11 Utility ........................................................................................................................... 102
11.1 View the System Status ................................................................................................. 102
11.2 Self Calibration ............................................................................................................... 102
11.3 Sound ............................................................................................................................. 103
11.4 Language ........................................................................................................................ 103
11.5 Pass/Fail ......................................................................................................................... 104
Perform a Pass/Fail Test ................................................................................................ 104
Save and Recall Test Mask ............................................................................................. 106
11.6 I/O Remote Communication .......................................................................................... 106
Communicating via USB ................................................................................................ 106
Communicating via a LAN.............................................................................................. 106
Auxiliary Output ............................................................................................................ 108
11.7 Update Firmware and Configuration ............................................................................. 108
xiii
11.8 Perform a Self-test ......................................................................................................... 109
Screen Test .................................................................................................................... 109
Keyboard Test ................................................................................................................ 110
LED Test ......................................................................................................................... 111
11.9 Screen Saver .................................................................................................................. 111
11.10 Option Management ..................................................................................................... 112
12 Reference Waveforms .................................................................................................. 113
To Save a Reference Waveform to Internal Memory ................................................... 114
To Display a Reference Waveform ................................................................................ 114
To Adjust the Reference Waveform Position ................................................................ 114
To Clear the Reference Waveform ................................................................................ 115
13 History Function ........................................................................................................... 115
14 Default Setup ............................................................................................................... 118
15 Serial Bus Decoding (DC2540C) ..................................................................................... 121
15.1 I2C Serial Decode ........................................................................................................... 121
Setup for I2C Signals ...................................................................................................... 121
I2C Serial Decode ........................................................................................................... 121
15.2 SPI Serial Decode ........................................................................................................... 123
Setup for SPI Signals ...................................................................................................... 123
SPI Serial Decode ........................................................................................................... 125
15.3 UART/RS232 Serial Decode ........................................................................................... 127
Setup for UART Signals .................................................................................................. 127
UART Serial Decode ....................................................................................................... 128
15.4 CAN Serial Decode ......................................................................................................... 129
Setup for CAN Signals .................................................................................................... 129
CAN Serial Decode ......................................................................................................... 130
15.5 LIN Serial Decode ........................................................................................................... 132
Setup for LIN Signals ...................................................................................................... 132
LIN Serial Decode ........................................................................................................... 132
16 Digital Channels (LA2540C + LP2540C) .......................................................................... 134
16.1 Connecting Digital Probes to Device under Test ........................................................... 134
16.2 Acquiring Digital Waveforms ......................................................................................... 135
16.3 Displaying Digital Channels ............................................................................................ 135
16.4 Turning a Single Digital Channel On or Off .................................................................... 137
16.5 Turning All Digital Channels On or Off ........................................................................... 137
16.6 Changing the Logic Threshold for Digital Channels ....................................................... 137
16.7 Repositioning a Digital Channel ..................................................................................... 138
16.8 Displaying Digital Channels as a Bus .............................................................................. 138
xiv
17 Arbitrary Waveform Generator .................................................................................... 140
17.1 Wave Types and Parameters ......................................................................................... 140
Sine Waveform .............................................................................................................. 142
Square Waveform .......................................................................................................... 142
Ramp Waveform............................................................................................................ 143
Pulse Waveform ............................................................................................................ 143
DC Waveform ................................................................................................................ 144
Noise Waveform ............................................................................................................ 144
Cardiac Waveform ......................................................................................................... 145
Gaus Pulse ..................................................................................................................... 145
17.2 Arbitrary Waveforms ..................................................................................................... 146
17.3 Output Impedance ......................................................................................................... 147
17.4 Set Default Values.......................................................................................................... 147
17.5 AWG Self Cal .................................................................................................................. 147
18 Specifications ............................................................................................................... 149
19 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................... 151
SERVICE INFORMATION ...................................................................................................... 153
LIMITED ONE-YEAR WARRANTY .......................................................................................... 154
DSO Model 2540!: 2542C 2544C MSOMudeI 2540C-MSO 2542C-MSO ZSMC-MSO Bandwidth 70 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz Channels 2 2 2
1
1 General Information
1.1 Product Overview
The B&K Precision 2540C series includes 3 Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes (MSO) and 3 Digital Storage
Oscilloscopes (DSO). The MSOs and DSOs have high bandwidths that allows them to capture
signals with real time sampling rates of up to 1 GSa/s. All of the oscilloscopes have a waveform
update rate up to 60,000 wfms/s and a maximum memory depth of 14 million points. A screen
with up to 256 levels of intensity and a color display allow these units to capture and display more
details of a signal for subsequent analysis.
Features:
• Single channel real-time sampling rate of up to 1 GSa/s. Dual channel interleaved 500
MSa/s
• 14 Mpts maximum record length
• 8” Color TFT LCD display (800x480 pixels)
• Trigger types: Edge, Slope, Pulse, Video, Window, Runt, Interval, DropOut, Pattern, Serial
• Waveform acquisition function
• 36 automatic measurements: voltage and time parameters
• I/O interfaces: USB Host, USB Device (USBTMC), Pass/Fail signal output, LAN, trigger
output signal
• 25 MHz Arbitrary waveform generator function included in all units
• Optional features
o MSO license option (LA2540C): Enables the 16 digital channels and the Digital
button. The 16 channel logic probe (LP2540C) is used conjunction with the license.
o Decode license option (DC2540C): Serial decode functions: I2C, SPI, UART, CAN, LIN.
Enables the Decode button.
1.2 Package Contents
Please inspect the instrument mechanically and electrically upon receiving it. Unpack all items
from the shipping carton and check for signs of physical damage that may have occurred during
transportation. Report any damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the original packing
carton for possible future reshipment. Every instrument is shipped with the following contents:
• 1 x 254XC digital storage or mixed signal oscilloscope
• 1 x AC power cord
• 1 x USB type A to type B cable
• Passive oscilloscope probe, one per channel
DSO Model
2540C
2542C
2544C
MSO Model
2540C-MSO
2542C-MSO
2544C-MSO
Bandwidth
70 MHz
100 MHz
200 MHz
Channels
2
2
2
jigsaw: DD DDDD© @O@I ._.\_4|_.\_¢»_:\_- DDDDODOW
2
• 1 x Digital logic probe (MSO models only)
• 1 x Certificate of calibration
• 1 x Quick start guide
Verify that all items above are included in the shipping container. If anything is missing, please
contact B&K Precision.
1.3 Product Dimensions
Figure 1 - Product dimensions
3
1.4 Front Panel
Figure 2 - Front panel
Front Panel Description
①
Universal Knob
⑨
Probe Compensation Terminal
②
Function Menus
⑩
External trigger input
③
Wave Gen Control ⑪
Analog Inputs
④
Decode and Digital Controls ⑫
Print Button
⑤ Auto/Run Control ⑬ Digital Inputs
⑥ Trigger Control ⑭ Menu Softkeys
⑦ Horizontal Control ⑮ USB Host Port
⑧ Vertical Control ⑯ Power On/Off Button
4
1.5 Rear Panel
The following images show back and side panel connection locations.
Figure 3 – Rear panel
Back Panel Description
① Pass/Fail or trigger output
②
External trigger input
③ USB
④ LAN
⑤ Safety lock (Kensington style)
⑥ AC power input connector
5
1.6 Display Information
Figure 4 – Display screen
User Interface Description
①
Operating state
②
Horizontal timebase setting
③
Trigger point position relative to center of display
④
Trigger point on waveform
⑤
Frequency counter (measures frequency of trigger signal)
⑥ Sample rate and memory depth
⑦
Trigger settings
⑧
Channel settings
⑨
Channel label and zero volts position marker
⑩
Trigger voltage level (color indicates trigger source)
⑪ Softkeys (capitalized word shows with button's menu is in use)
⑫ I/O connection status
1 2 3 4 5
6
7
8
9
11
10
12
Fiure 5 -Tri_ er settin_s dis-lay
6
User Interface Functionality
1. Operating state
The states are Arm, Ready, Trig’d (triggered), Stop, Auto.
2. Horizontal Timebase
Represents the time per division on the horizontal axis. Turning the horizontal scale knob (the
top knob in the Horizontal control area) changes the time per division setting from 2 ns/div to 50
s/div.
3. Trigger position parameter (delay)
Shows the time difference between a trigger point and the center of the screen. Turn clockwise
or counterclockwise to make the waveform move right or left, which will cause the delay
parameter to decrease or increase, respectively. Press the horizontal position knob to reset the
delay parameter to zero (the trigger position mark will then be in the middle of the screen).
4. Trigger position mark
Displays the trigger point on the waveform. The delay parameter is zero at this point.
5. Frequency counter
Displays the frequency of the trigger source waveform.
6. Sample rate/memory depth
Displays the current sample rate (Sa) and memory depth (Curr) of the oscilloscope. Use the
horizontal scale knob to modify the parameters.
7. Trigger settings
The trigger settings are always displayed on the upper-right side of the screen.
Figure 5 - Trigger settings display
Function Description Trigger Type Displays the currently selected trigger type and trigger Trigger Sou rce Displays the trigger source currently selected. Different Trigger Slope Displays the current trigger slopet Trigger Coupling Displays the coupling mode (DC/AC/LF Reject/HF Reject) Trigger Level Displays the trigger voltage or current level of the Universal Knob Function Channel Number '1 l] III [I I] I] n | Description Represents the channel number Input impedance Displays the currently selected input impedance of t Channel coupling Displays the coupling mode of the current channel. T
7
Icon
Function
Description
Trigger Type
Displays the currently selected trigger type and trigger
condition setting. Different labels are displayed when
different trigger types are selected.
Trigger Source
Displays the trigger source currently selected. Different
labels are displayed when different trigger source are
selected and the color of the trigger parameter area will
change accordingly.
Trigger Slope
Displays the current trigger slope.
Trigger Coupling
Displays the coupling mode (DC/AC/LF Reject/HF Reject)
of the current trigger source.
Trigger Level
Displays the trigger voltage or current level of the
current waveform. Press the Universal Knob to set the
level to 50% of the waveform's amplitude.
Table 1 - Trigger settings
8. Channel setting
The channel settings are displayed when the represented channel is enabled. If no channel is
enabled there will be no channel setting display.
Figure 6 - Channel settings display
Icon
Function
Description
Channel Number
Represents the channel number
Input impedance
Displays the currently selected input impedance of
the channel (1 MΩ or 50 Ω).
Channel coupling
Displays the coupling mode of the current channel.
The modes are DC, AC, and GND.
Vertical Scale Represents the voltage value of each vertical main d Vertical Offset Represents the vertical displacement ofthe trace in voltage above or below the center ofthe screent Function ' ger Level Knob Displays the connection status ofthe USB host, USB device, and LAN port. Indicates Indicates that the USB Host is connected. Indicates there is a LAN connections Indicates there is no LAN connection.
8
Vertical Scale
Represents the voltage value of each vertical main
division on the screen.
Vertical Offset
Represents the vertical displacement of the trace in
voltage above or below the center of the screen.
Table 2 - Trigger settings
9. Channel label/waveform
Indicates the active channel. Different channels are displayed in different colors and the color of
the waveform matches the color of the channel on the front panel. The indicator on the left-hand
side, with the channel number in it, points to the channel's current point on the vertical axis.
10. Trigger level position
Displays the position of the current channel trigger level. Press the Trigger Level Knob to reset
the trigger voltage to the center (50% point) of the waveform.
11. Softkeys
The six softkeys display the current menu’s options. The left most capitalized word above the
softkeys reflects the button pressed on the main panel.
12. I/O connection status
Icon
Function
Displays the connection status of the USB host, USB device, and LAN port. Indicates
when the USB Device (USBTMC) is connected.
Indicates that the USB Host is connected.
Indicates there is a LAN connection.
Indicates there is no LAN connection.
Table 3 - I/O Connection Status
strument operating in rated _ The included Ac power cord is safety cert d for th Model Fuse Specification All Models T125 A, 250V
9
2 Getting Started
Before connecting and powering up the instrument, please review and go through the
instructions in this chapter.
2.1 Input Power Requirements
The supply has a universal AC input that accepts line voltage input within:
Voltage: 110 V to 240 V (±10%)
Frequency: 50 Hz to 60 Hz (±5%) / 400 (±5%)
Power supply power range: ≤ 50VA
Before connecting to an AC outlet or external power source, make sure that the power switch is
in the OFF position and verify that the AC power cord. Once verified, connect the cable firmly.
The included AC power cord is safety certified for this instrument operating in rated
range. To change a cable or add an extension cable, be sure that it can meet the
required power ratings for this instrument. Any misuse with wrong or unsafe cables
will void the warranty.
2.2 Line Voltage and Fuse Requirements
An AC input fuse is necessary when powering the instrument. The fuse is located at the back of
the instrument. In the event the fuse needs to be replaced, make sure the AC input power cord
is disconnected from the instrument before replacing it.
Before replacing fuse, disconnect AC input power cord first to prevent electric shock.
Only use same rating of the fuse. Using a different rated fuse may damage the
instrument.
Model
Fuse Specification
All Models
T 1.25 A, 250 V
Table 4 - Fuse Requirements
Follow the steps below to check or change fuse.
Check and/or Change Fuse
1 Locate the fuse box next to the AC input connector in the rear panel.
Do not connect power to the instrument until the line voltage is configured Any disassembling of the case or changing the fuse not performed by an authorized
10
2 With a small flat blade screwdriver, insert into the fuse box slit to pull and slide
out the fuse box as indicated below.
3 Check and replace fuse (if necessary).
Figure 7 - Replacing Fuse
Do not connect power to the instrument until the line voltage is configured
correctly. Applying an incorrect line voltage or configuring the line voltage
improperly will damage the instrument and void all warranty.
Any disassembling of the case or changing the fuse not performed by an authorized
service technician will void the warranty of the instrument.
11
2.3 Preliminary Check
Complete the following steps to verify that the oscilloscope is ready for use.
Security Lock
Provisions for a Kensington-style lock are provided on the rear panel of the oscilloscope (a lock is
not included). Align the lock with the lock hole and insert, turn the key clockwise to lock the
instrument and then remove the key from the lock.
Figure 8 - Security lock
Verify AC Input Voltage
Verify the proper AC voltages are available to power the instrument. The AC voltage range must
meet the acceptable specification given in the safety section.
Connect Power
Connect the AC power cord to the AC receptacle in the rear panel of the oscilloscope and the
plug the opposite end of the power cord into an outlet.
Security lock hole
Flgu re 10 - Suppnnlng feet adjustment
12
Figure 9 - Connecting to the power line
Adjust the Support Feet
Pull out the support feet to tilt the oscilloscope backwards for better visibility.
Figure 10 - Supporting feet adjustment
2.4 Power-on Inspection
After connecting the oscilloscope to the AC power, press the power switch at the lower left
corner of the oscilloscope to turn the instrument on (the LEDs in all translucent keys will turn on).
During the start-up process, the instrument performs a series of self-tests and displays a splash
Power socket
The model and yand pr version Oscilloscope Bandw Probe Probe Type Model probes supp :4 Model 2540C 70 MHz 2 PRISDB 150 MHI, X1/X10 2542C 100 MHZ 2 PRISDB 150 MHI, X1/X10 2544C 200 MHZ 2 PRZSDB 250 MHI, X10 55 the
13
screen. After the self-tests are finished, the normal screen will be displayed and the oscilloscope
is ready for use.
To turn off the scope, press and hold the power button. Hold the button down until the scope
turns off.
Self-Test
The instrument has the capability of doing self-tests for the screen, keyboard, LED-backed
buttons.
To perform the self-test, please refer to the Perform a Self-test section for further instructions.
Self-Calibration
This option runs an internal self-calibration procedure that will check and adjust the instrument.
To perform the self-calibration, please refer to the Self Calibration section for further
instructions.
Check Model and Firmware Version
The model and firmware version can be checked by pressing the Utility key and pressing the
System Status softkey. The number of startup times, software version, FPGA version, hardware
version, product type, serial number and Scope ID will be displayed. Press the Single key to exit.
Connect the Probe
B&K Precision provides passive probes for the 2540C Series oscilloscope. Please refer to the
probe’s user manual for more detailed information. Before connecting probes, please read and
understand the Probe Safety section.
Oscilloscope
Model
Bandwidth
Channels and number of
probes supplied
Probe
Model
Probe Type
2540C
70 MHz
2
PR150B
150 MHz, X1/X10
2542C
100 MHz
2
PR150B
150 MHz, X1/X10
2544C
200 MHz
2
PR250B
250 MHz, X10
Table 5 Analog Probes
Connect the BNC terminal of the probe to one of the channel BNC connectors on the front panel
(see the safety information below). Connect the probe tip to the circuit point under test and the
ground alligator clip of the probe to a grounded point in the circuit.
Probe Compensation
All oscilloscope probes should be properly compensated before their first use with the
oscilloscope. A non-compensated or inadequate compensated probe can cause inaccurate
measurements. The following steps illustrate the proper probe compensation procedure.
1. Press the Default button to reset the oscilloscope to its factory default setup state.
2. Connect the ground alligator clip of the probe to the ground terminal under the probe
compensation signal output terminal.
14
Figure 11 - Compensation terminals
3. Connect the probe to channel 1's BNC connector. Connect the tip of the probe to the
compensation signal output terminal.
4. Press the Auto Setup button.
5. Observe the waveform on the screen and compare it to the following figure.
Figure 12 - Waveform compensation
6. Use a nonmetallic flat-head screwdriver to adjust the low-frequency compensation
adjustment screw on the probe until the waveform matches the “Correctly compensated”
waveform above.
We recommend you check probe compensation daily or after the probe has been used on
another instrument.
Probe Safety
A guard around the probe body provides a finger barrier for protection from electric shock.
Figure 13 – Oscilloscope probe
Ground terminal
Compensation signal
output terminal
of in to al ‘ Before m ation set ending
15
Connect the probe to the oscilloscope and connect the ground terminal to ground before you
take any measurements.
WARNING: SHOCK HAZARD
To avoid electric shoc
k when using the probe, please make certain that the insulated wire of
the probe is in good condition and do not touch the metallic parts
of the probe when it is
connected to a high voltage.
Do not connect the probe's ground lead (e.g., using the supplied
alligator clip) to any point in
a circuit that is not at ground potential. If you're not sure whether a point you want to
connect to is at ground potential, first check it with a known-working high-
impedance digital
voltmeter.
Probe Attenuation
Probes have attenuation factors that can affect the vertical display of the signal. Before making
measurements with the probe, verify the probe's attenuation matches the attenuation setting of
the oscilloscope channel it is connected to. Push the numbered button corresponding to the
channel the probe is connected to and ensure the attenuation factor shown on the Probe softkey
matches that of the probe. Failure to do this will result in significant measurement error.
wing mate ButtonNam Dgzlal Pull-I Purpose : V \ Turns the measurement cursors on and off. These are used to make voltage and ursors
16
3 Main Functions and Operating Descriptions
To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the following oscilloscope functions:
• Menu and Control Buttons
• Connectors
• Vertical System
• Horizontal System
• Run Control
• Universal knob
• Display System
• Measuring waveforms System
• Utility System
• Storage System
• Online Help function
In the following material, ButtonName indicates a button on the right-hand main panel of the
oscilloscope. Softkey denotes a softkey for a menu selection on the softkeys below the screen.
3.1 Menu and Control Buttons
Figure 14 Menu
Pressing the white buttons enter the indicated menu. The lighted buttons show whether the
indicated feature is on and off in addition to entering the feature's menu.
Button
Purpose
Turns the measurement cursors on and off. These are used to make voltage and
time measurements on the displayed waveform. Manual and tracking modes are
available.
' \ Acquln This menu lets the user choose the acquisition method (normal, peak-detect, k e (say‘ The save/recall menu lets you save waveforms and instrument settings to LRoc-Il - Turn on and offthe optional function generator with 11 types of waveforms. The 7/ Turn on and off the oscilloscope's measuring functions. A variety of waveform ra meters can ms“; This menu lets you set the display type (dots: the sampled points, vectors: lines \ onlu ’1 \ Perform utility tasks such as: uumy \ Press the Decode button to open the decode menu (Decode is an optional
17
This menu lets the user choose the acquisition method (normal, peak-detect,
averaging, and Eres (enhanced resolution), turn XY mode on and off, turn the
sequence feature on for capturing sequences of waveforms, set the size of the
waveform memory buffer, set the interpolation type (Sinx/x or linear), and set
the acquisition mode (fast or slow). Note: Only Normal Method screenshots can be
taken. If any other method is selected and a screenshot is taken the data will be
representative of Normal mode.
The save/recall menu lets you save waveforms and instrument settings to
internal memory or an external flash drive device connected to the front-panel
USB connector. You can save the instrument settings, a reference waveform, or
the waveform(s) displayed on the screen (either as a bitmap or in binary, CSV, or
MATLAB formats).
Turn on and off the optional function generator with 11 types of waveforms. The
menu's softkeys let you control frequency, period, amplitude, and DC offset.
Turn on and off the oscilloscope's measuring functions. A variety of waveform
parameters can be measured (e.g., amplitude, frequency/period, rise time, etc.).
An All Measure button lets you see all of these parameters at once. You can also
collect the statistics mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, and count
(number of samples) for selected parameters over time.
This menu lets you set the display type (dots: the sampled points, vectors: lines
are drawn between the dots), turn on the Color-
Grade display (a type of
histogram using color), persiste
nce (how long a particular trace stays on the
screen), the grid type and intensity, the trace intensity, and the transparency of
dialog boxes. It is also used to quickly turn the persistence on and off.
Perform utility tasks such as:
• Viewing informatio
n about the instrument (model, serial number,
firmware version, etc.)
• Self-calibration
• Turn the key click sound on and off
• Select language
• Set up pass/fail testing and USB/LAN settings
• Update the firmware or configuration from a flash drive
• Perform a self-test (screen, keyboard, or LED)
• Set the screen-saver time
• Add options and view which options are installed
Press the Decode button to open the decode menu (Decode is an optional
feature). The 2540C Series supports two 8-bit
serial buses for decoding.
Supported serial protocols include I2C, SPI, UART, CAN, and LIN.
Press the button to reset the oscilloscope to its default setup state This is a useful This button has two effects. When measurement statistics are being displayed, Turn history mode on and off. The history feature allows you to save a series of en review th a-time or d Press the Digital button to open the digital menu for the optional M50 16-
18
Press the button to reset the oscilloscope to its default setup state. This is a useful
starting point to let you manually adjust the oscilloscope for your measurement
needs.
This button has two effects. When measurement statistics are being displayed,
pressing this button will set the statistics to zero and start accumulating data over
again. When screen persistence is turned on, pressing this button will clear the
persisted waveforms.
Turn history mode on and off. The history feature allows you to save a series of
waveform traces, then review them one-at-a-time or display them sequentially
at a specified rate. The Sequence softkey in the Acquire menu lets you set up how
many waveform traces (frames) you want to record. Up to 60,000 frames can be
recorded.
Press the Digital button to open the digital menu for the optional MSO 16-
channel logic analyzer. The MSO features are permanently enabled on all –MSO
models.
3.2 Connectors
Analog and External Trigger Connectors
Figure 15 - Analog and external trigger connectors
• Analog Input Connectors (CH1 and CH2): connect your probes and analog signals to these
BNC connectors.
• Front panel external trigger input
Digital Connector
Figure 16 Digital connectors
• Digital Input Connectors (DO-D15): connect the logic analyzer digital breakout cable to
this connector (cable (LP2540C) provided and digital functions (LA2540C) enabled with
the MSO option).
19
Front Panel USB Connector
Figure 17 - Front panel USB connector
• USB Host: Setups, waveforms, screenshots, and CSV for files can be saved to or recalled
from a USB device.
Rear Panel Connectors
Figure 18 - Rear panel connectors
• LAN: Ethernet connection.
• USB: USB port for remote device control.
• PASS/FAIL TRIG OUT: BNC connection.
• WaveGen: Output for the built-in function generator.
nne Analog Input Vertical Scale Vertical The colors correspond to the color of the traces on the sc n o Adjust the volts/division or amperes/division for the cha wil sw se 5 Adjust the waveform position (offset) on the screen‘ The offset voltage or cur the screen under th the offset to zero.
20
3.3 Vertical System
Figure 19 Vertical
Analog Input
Channels
The colors correspond to the color of the traces on the
screen and on the input channel connectors. Press the
numbered button to turn the corresponding channel trace
on and off and display the channel's menu.
Vertical Scale
Knob
Adjust the volts/division or amperes/division for the
channel. As this knob is adjusted, the displayed waveform
will change its height on the screen. Press the knob to
switch between coarse and fine adjustments. The scale
setting is displayed in the channel information at the right
side of the screen.
Vertical
Position Knob
Adjust the waveform position (offset) on the screen. The
offset voltage or current will be shown at the right side of
the screen under the scale setting. Press the knob to set
the offset to zero.
To Enable the Channel
The oscilloscope's analog channels vertical settings are independently controlled. The controls
for each channel are analogous. CH1 will be used in the following discussion.
Connect a signal to the CH1 analog input connector. Press the 1 button in the VERTICAL control
area of the front panel to turn on channel 1. The channel can be displayed on the screen when
the 1 button is lit. The channel's vertical menu is displayed on the softkeys and you will see the
Volts/div Setting Range of Vertical Adjustment 2 mV/div to 100 mV/div :1 V 102 mV/div to 1 V/div $10 V 1.02 V/divto 10 V/div iIOOV
21
CH1 annotation at the left of the screen above the softkeys, which tells you which channel's
settings can be modified by the softkeys.
Adjust the Vertical Scale
By pressing the vertical scale knob, the knob can be used for coarse or fine adjustments:
The coarse adjustment sets the vertical scale in 1-2-5 steps, such as 1 mV/div, 2 mV/div, 5
mV/div, 10 mV/div, etc. The range of the settings will depend on the probe attenuation factor
set. For an attenuation of 1X, the settings range from 500 µV/div to 10 V/div.
The fine adjustment changes the vertical scale in smaller increments (depending on the set
value). For example, if you set the coarse adjustment to 1 V/div and press the button to
change to fine adjustment, one counterclockwise click of the knob will change the scale to
1.02 V/div.
The fine adjust mode can be used to make the waveform take up the whole screen, which will
improve the resolution of measurements taken from the screen's graticule (i.e., the grid).
When the scale control is adjusted, the words Fine or Coarse will appear in the Adjust softkey
(you can use this softkey to toggle between fine and coarse adjustment modes).
To convert a vertical distance on the screen to a voltage or current, read the channel's scale value
from the right-hand side of the screen and multiply it by the number of vertical divisions covering
the feature of interest.
Adjust the Vertical Position
Turn the VERTICAL Position knob to adjust the vertical position of the channel's waveform on the
screen. Push the knob to set the 0 volts or amperes position on the waveform to the center of
the screen. The current adjustment value is shown by the channel's marker on the left side of the
screen and in the channel's data on the right side of the screen.
The following table shows the range of vertical position adjustment according to the volts/div
setting (1X probe attenuation factor).
Volts/div Setting
Range of Vertical Adjustment
2 mV/div to 100 mV/div
±1 V
102 mV/div to 1 V/div
±10 V
1.02 V/div to 10 V/div
±100 V
Table 6 - Volts/div scale vs. vertical position
Specify Channel Coupling
There are three channel coupling settings: DC, AC, and GND. Suppose the signal being input is a
square wave with DC offset.
Note: To stop displaying the channel's trace on the screen, press the channel button until its light goes
out.
ing mode Set the nuation ensure or curr paneL attenu tenuation of the pro do t ’5, press the Un ersal Knob
22
When the coupling is set to DC, both the DC and AC components of the signal will be
displayed.
When the coupling is set to AC, the DC offset of the signal is blocked.
When the coupling is set to GND, both the DC offset and AC components of the signal are
both blocked.
Press the 1 button on the front panel, then press the Coupling softkey and turn the Universal
Knob to select the desired coupling mode. The default coupling is DC.
The current coupling mode is displayed in the channel label at the right side of the screen. You
can also press the Coupling softkey repeatedly to switch between the coupling modes.
Specify Bandwidth Limit
Set the bandwidth limit to reduce displayed noise. For example, the input signal is a pulse with
high frequency oscillations.
When the bandwidth limit is set to none, the high frequency components of the signal under
test can pass the channel.
When the bandwidth limit is set to 20MHz, the high frequency components above 20 MHz
are attenuated.
Press the 1 button on the front panel, then press the BW Limit softkey to select none or 20M.
The default setting is none. When the bandwidth limit is enabled, the character B will be
displayed in the channel label at the right side of the screen.
Specify Probe Attenuation Factor
Set the channel's attenuation factor to match the attenuation of the probe you are using to
ensure correct voltage or current measurements. To do this, press the 1 button on the front
panel, then press the Probe softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired
attenuation. Push the knob to select the chosen value. The default is 1X. You can also press the
Probe softkey repeatedly to change the channel's probe attenuation factor.
Specify Channel Input Impedance
Select the channel input impedance: 1 MΩ and 50 Ω. Do not exceed a voltage input of more than
5 V absolute value for a 50 Ω impedance input or 400 V absolute value for a 1 MΩ impedance
input. A high impedance of 1 MΩ minimizes loading the device under test.
Press the channel button on the front panel, then press the Impedance softkey to toggle between
1 MΩ and 50 Ω. The default is 1 MΩ. The channel's input impedance is displayed in the channel
label at the right side of the screen.
l- H l- H
23
Specify the Amplitude Unit
You can display the channel's measurement unit as volts (V) or amperes (A). When the unit is
changed, the unit displayed in the channel label will change accordingly. The default setting is V.
1. Press the 1 button on the front panel to display the CH1 menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey.
3. Press the Unit softkey to select V or A.
Deskew
Use the Deskew softkey to time-coordinate probe measurements, as they can have small delays
that can result in significant power waveform errors. The adjustment ranges from -100 to 100
ns. A common use is to reduce cable length induced delay. Make these adjustments when you
first connect the probes, then subsequently when the measurement hardware or the
temperature change.
Inverting a Waveform
When Invert is set to On, the voltage of each measured point is multiplied by -1, which inverts
the waveform. Note this also multiplies the trigger voltage by -1 so that a stable display is
maintained. Inverting a channel also affects the results of math functions and measure functions.
1. Press the 1 button on the front panel to display the CH1 menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey to enter the second page of the CH1 function menu.
3. Press the Invert softkey to turn on or off inverting display.
Enter ro|| mode, which displays slow waveforms like a strip Sets the horizontal location of the trigger event on the L) Horizontal Scale Horizontal Scale
24
3.4 Horizontal System
Figure 20 - Horizontal menu
Roll Button
Enter roll mode, which displays slow waveforms like a strip
chart recorder.
Position Knob
Sets the horizontal location of the trigger event on the
display. The waveform will move left or right when you
turn the knob. The delay value at the top of the screen will
change as the knob is turned. Press the knob to reset the
trigger delay to zero.
Horizontal
Scale Knob
Sets the timebase (horizontal sweep speed) in units of one
division per indicated time unit. Press the knob to enter
Zoom mode.
Horizontal Scale Knob
Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to adjust the horizontal time base. Turn clockwise to reduce the
time per division and counterclockwise to increase.
The time base information at the upper left corner of the screen will change accordingly during
the adjustment. The range of the horizontal scale is from 2 ns/div to 50 s/div.
The Horizontal Scale knob works (in the Normal time mode) while acquisitions are running or
when they are stopped. When in run mode, adjusting the horizontal scale knob changes the
sample rate. When stopped, adjusting the horizontal scale knob lets you zoom into the acquired
data.
ssthes ecur
25
Adjust Trigger Delay
Turn the Horizontal Position knob to adjust the trigger delay of the waveform. This will cause the
displayed waveforms to move left or right. The delay number at the top of the screen changes
accordingly. Press this knob to reset the trigger delay to zero.
Changing the delay time moves the trigger point (blue inverted triangle at the top of the screen)
horizontally and indicates how far it is from the time at the center of the screen.
All events displayed left of the trigger point happened before the trigger occurred. These events
are called pre-trigger information and they show the events that led up to the trigger point.
Everything to the right of the trigger point is called post-trigger information and these are events
that occurred after the trigger. The amount of delay range (pre-trigger and post-trigger
information) available depends on the time/div selected and memory depth.
The position knob works (in the Normal time mode) while acquisitions are running or when they
are stopped.
Roll mode
Press the Roll button to enter roll mode.
In Roll mode, the waveform moves slowly across the screen from right to left. It operates only on
time base settings of 50 ms/div and slower. If the current time base setting is faster than the 50
ms/div limit, it will be set to 50 ms/div when the Roll button is pressed.
In roll mode, triggering is not supported. The time reference point on the screen is the right edge
of the screen and refers to the current moment in time. Events that have occurred are scrolled
to the left of the reference point. Since there is no trigger, no pre-trigger information is available.
If you would like to stop the display in roll mode, press the Run/Stop button. To clear the display
and start another acquisition in roll mode, press the Run/Stop button again.
Use roll mode on low-frequency waveforms to yield a display a waveform much like a strip chart
recorder does. At slow sweep speeds, you may want to capture a single trigger (press the Single
button in the Trigger section). When the sweep is finished, the waveform's information will stay
on the screen.
The Zoom Function
Zoom is a horizontally-expanded version of the normal display. You can use Zoom to locate and
horizontally-expand part of the normal window for a more detailed (higher-resolution) view of
signals.
Press the HORIZONTAL Scale Knob to turn on the zoom function; press the button again to turn
off the zoom function. When Zoom function is on, the display divides in half. The top half of the
display shows the normal time base window and the bottom half displays the waveform at a
faster sweep speed.
To change Horizontal Scale Horizontal Horizontal ssubstan s ff 5 change the zoom Horizontal Scale
26
Figure 21 – Zoom function
The area of the normal display that is expanded is outlined with a dark box and the rest of the
normal display is gray. The darker area shows the portion of the normal sweep that is expanded
in the lower half of the screen.
To change the time base for the Zoom window, turn the Horizontal Scale knob. The Horizontal
Scale knob controls the size of the darker zoom window on the upper waveform. The Horizontal
Position knob sets the position of the zoom window. Negative delay values indicate that a portion
of the waveform before the trigger event is displayed, and positive values indicate a portion of
the waveform after the trigger event.
If the zoomed time/div (prefaced with Z at the top of the screen) is substantially smaller than the
main time/div, you may see significant jitter on things like the edges of fast-rising pulses. You can
get a stable display for making measurements by pressing the Single trigger button. Turn
persistence on to measure jitter.
To change the zoomed time base of the normal window, turn off the Zoom function and adjust
the Horizontal Scale knob.
Normal time
Zoomed time base
ZZ » Run control Use this button to set the state of the instrument to RUN or STOP, In the RUN e Auto The Auto Setup button automatically adjusts the oscilloscope's settings to get Sr! u p In non-me ation mode, (the m is actuated by a re press), tu ob to adjust wavef Turn clockwise to the brigh counterclockwise Universal Kno-
27
3.5 Run Control
Figure 22 - Run control buttons
Use this button to set the state of the instrument to RUN or STOP. In the RUN
state, the button glows yellow; in STOP state, the button glows red.
The Auto Setup button automatically adjusts the oscilloscope's settings to get
a stable display.
3.6 Universal Knob
Figure 23 - Universal knob
Adjust the waveform intensity
In non-menu-operation mode, (the menu is hidden or no softkey is actuated by a recent
press), turn this knob to adjust waveform intensity (0% to 100%). Turn clockwise to increase
the brightness and counterclockwise to reduce. You can also press Display/Persist →
Intensity and use the Universal Knob to do adjusting. Adjusting grid brightness (0% to 100%)
and transparency (20% to 80%) are done in a similar fashion.
Universal Knob
When a menu's softkey has been pressed, this knob can be used to select the desired
setting. Press the knob to select the highlighted item. The knob is also used to modify
parameters and to input a file name.
28
3.7 On-line Help
The oscilloscope has an online help function for its features. Press any button for 2 seconds to
enter the on-line help.
You can change the language the help is displayed in by using the Utility → Language button.
Only Chinese and English are currently supported (the other language choices are for screen
labels).
Figure 24 - Help message
g and stori When the R pture an isition (whethe lets you captu to keep the After trigg 5. The actual sam Horizontal Scale
29
4 Sample System Configuration
This chapter shows how to use the run control and set the sampling system of the oscilloscope.
4.1 Run Control
Press the Run/Stop or Single button on the front panel to run or stop the sampling system of the scope.
When the Run/Stop button is green, the oscilloscope is running (acquiring and storing data
when the trigger conditions are met). To stop acquiring data, press the Run/Stop button.
When stopped, the last acquired waveform is displayed.
When the Run/Stop button is red, data acquisition is stopped. A red "Stop" is displayed next
to the B&K logo in the status line at the top of the display. To start acquiring data, press
Run/Stop.
To capture and display a single acquisition (whether the oscilloscope is running or stopped),
press Single. The Single run control lets you capture single-shot events without subsequent
waveform data overwriting the display. Use Single when you want maximum memory depth
for pan and zoom.
When Single is pressed, the display is cleared and the trigger mode is temporarily set to Normal
to keep the oscilloscope from auto-triggering immediately. The trigger circuitry is armed and the
Single key is illuminated. The oscilloscope will wait until a user-defined trigger condition occurs.
After triggering, the captured waveform is displayed and the oscilloscope is stopped (the
Run/Stop button will be red).
Press Single again to acquire another waveform. You can save the stored waveform to a flash
disk if you wish.
4.2 Overview of Sampling
To understand the sampling and acquisition modes of the oscilloscope, it is helpful to understand
sampling theory, sample rate, and oscilloscope bandwidth.
Sampling Theory
The Nyquist sampling theorem states that for a band-limited signal with a maximum frequency
compliment fMAX, the equally-spaced sampling frequency fS must be greater than twice the
maximum frequency fMAX for the signal to be accurately reconstructed without aliasing.
fMAX = fS/2 = Nyquist frequency (fN) = folding frequency
The other requirement of the theorem is that the samples be taken at equal intervals.
Sampling Rate
The maximum sampling rate of the oscilloscope is 1 GSa/s. The actual sampling rate of the
oscilloscope is determined by the horizontal scale. Turn the Horizontal Scale knob to adjust the
sampling rate.
30
The current sampling rate is displayed in the information area at the upper-right corner of the
screen.
When the sampling rate is too low, the sampled waveform may contain distortion, aliasing, and
leakage.
1. Waveform Distortion: When the sampling rate is too low, waveform details are lost and the
displayed waveform is different from the actual signal.
Figure 25 - Waveform distortion
2. Waveform Aliasing: When the sampling rate is lower than twice the Nyquist frequency, the
frequency of the waveform reconstructed from the sample data is lower than the actual
signal frequency. The most common aliasing is jitter on a fast edge.
Figure 26 - Waveform aliasing
3. Waveform Leakage: When the sampling rate is too low, the waveform reconstructed from
the sample data does not contain all the actual signal information.
Figure 27 - Waveform leakage
Pulse disappears
Atte —> Figure 28 - Bandwidm and sampling rate
31
Oscilloscope Bandwidth and Sample Rate
The bandwidth of an oscilloscope is usually stated as the lowest frequency at which a sine wave's
amplitude is measured as 30% lower than its actual value (this is equivalent to a 3 dB drop in
power because 20log(1/sqrt(2)) is -3).
At the oscilloscope bandwidth, theory says the required sample rate (the Nyquist frequency) is
fS = 2fBW. However, the Nyquist sampling theorem assumes the signal is band-limited. Here, that
means there are no frequency components in the signal above fBW. This is unrealistic in many
practical measurements because it would require a "brick wall" filter:
Figure 28 - Bandwidth and sampling rate
However, digital signals have frequency components above the fundamental frequency (square
waves are made up of sine waves at the fundamental frequency with an infinite number of odd
harmonics), and typically, for 500 MHz bandwidths and below, oscilloscopes have a Gaussian
frequency response.
0 dB
-3dB
Attenuation
fN fS
Frequency
f /4 fN f Frequency —> Universal Knob e Mem Depth
32
Figure 29 Bandwidth and Nyquist frequency
In practice, an oscilloscope's sampling rate should be four or more times its bandwidth: fS = 4fBW.
This way, there is less aliasing and the aliased frequency components have a greater amount of
attenuation.
4.3 Memory Depth
Memory depth refers to the number of points sampled from the waveform that the oscilloscope
can store in a single trigger sample. It directly reflects the amount of sample memory. The
oscilloscope provides up to 14 Mpts memory depth (7 Mpts if two channels are being displayed).
To change the memory depth
1. Press the Acquire button on the front panel.
2. Press the Mem Depth softkey.
3. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value and press the knob to confirm.
4. Pressing the Mem Depth softkey repeatedly can also select the desired value. The current
memory depth is displayed in upper-right corner of the screen.
The following equation relates memory depth D (in samples), sampling rate R (samples per
second), and waveform length T (seconds):
𝐷𝐷=𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
Limiting the oscilloscope bandwidth (fBW) to 1/4 the sample rate will reduce frequencies above
the Nyquist frequency.
Aliased frequency
components
Attenuation
f
S
/4 f
N
f
S
-3dB
Frequency
0dB
Limiting oscilloscope bandwidth (fBW) to ¼ the sample rate (fs/4)
reduces frequency components above the Nyquist frequency (fN).
Interpolation
33
4.4 Sampling Mode
The oscilloscope only supports real-time sampling. In this mode, the oscilloscope samples and
directly displays the waveform containing a trigger event. The maximum real-time sample rate
of the oscilloscope is 1 GSa/s.
Press the Run/Stop button to stop the sampling and the oscilloscope will display the last
waveform sample. Use the vertical and horizontal controls to explore the waveform in more
detail.
4.5 Waveform Interpolation Method
With real-time sampling, the oscilloscope acquires a single set of samples in real time. You can
display these samples using dots by pressing Display → Type and choosing Dots. Switch between
the dots and vector display to see how the display methods differ. The vector display method
draws lines connecting the dots; this is called interpolation. Most users seem to prefer an
interpolated waveform, as it coincides with the notion of a continuous function.
There are two interpolation methods provided: x and Sinx/x. The first type connects the dot with
a straight line. Sinx/x interpolation connects the dots with curves, leading to a more accurate
display for real-world signals.
Press the Acquire button and go to page 2 of the ACQUIRE menu. Press the Interpolation button
to select either x or Sinx/x for the interpolation method.
• x: Sample points are directly connected using a straight line. This method is
recommended for square waves and pulses to maintain fast rising and falling edges.
• Sinx/x: This interpolation method connects the sampled points with curves. When the
sampling rate is 3 to 5 times the bandwidth of the system, Sinx/x interpolation method is
recommended.
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Figure 30 - Display type set to dots
Figure 31 - x interpolation (i.e., connect the dots with lines)
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Figure 32 - Sinx/x interpolation
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36
4.6 Acquisition Mode
The acquisition mode controls how the waveform's points are displayed from sampled points.
The oscilloscope provides the following acquisition modes: Normal, Peak Detect, Average and
Eres.
1. Press the Acquire button on the front panel to enter the ACQUIRE menu.
2. Press the Acquisition softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired acquisition
mode. Push down the knob to confirm.
Normal mode (default)
In this mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal at equal time intervals to reconstruct the
waveform. For the majority of waveforms, normal mode is probably the best choice (you will use
other modes for problematic waveforms). Normal is the default acquisition mode.
Peak Detect
In peak detect mode, the oscilloscope acquires the maximum and minimum values of the signal
within the sample interval to get the envelope of the signal. Signal aliasing is prevented, but the
displayed noise may be larger.
Two common uses for peak detect are to show narrow pules during slow sweeps and show the
envelope of a waveform, which is useful when it has noise on it. Pulses as short as 1 ns can be
seen with peak detect on.
Figure 33 - Acquisition, Normal
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37
Figure 34 - Pulse with 0.1% duty cycle, normal mode
Figure 35- Pulse with 0.1% duty cycle, peak detect mode
Average
In this mode, the oscilloscope averages the waveforms from multiple frames to reduce the
random noise of the input signal and improve the vertical resolution.
ct Average m key, a (:1 select Ave
38
When the number of waveform averages is large, the noise will be lower and the vertical
resolution will be better. However, the response time for changes in the signal will be lower
because of the need to capture the extra frames.
The number of frames averaged are 4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, and 1024. The default is 16.
To select Average mode, press the Acquire button, press the Acquisition key, and select Average.
Press the Averages key to select the sample size to average by turning the Universal Knob.
Figure 36 - With random noise, normal mode
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Figure 37 - Random noise averaged out
Eres (Enhanced Resolution)
Eres mode uses a digital filter to reduce the random noise on the input signal and generate
smoother waveforms. Eres can be used on both single-shot and repetitive signals and it does not
slow down the waveform update speed. Eres mode limits the oscilloscope's real-time bandwidth
because it acts like a low-pass filter.
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40
Figure 38 - Eres mode
4.7 Horizontal Format
To choose the horizontal format, press the Acquire button. Pressing the XY softkey toggles between
XY and YT mode. The default mode is YT.
YT: This is the normal viewing mode for the oscilloscope and displays the channel's voltage or
current as a function of time.
XY: This is a scatter plot of channel 1's samples versus channel 2's samples. An example use is in
curve tracing, where a component's current is plotted vertically against the voltage across the
component in the horizontal direction. Look up "Octopus tester" on the web for more details.
XY mode can be used to compare frequency and phase relationships between two periodic
signals that are changing in time. It is used with transducers to display strain versus displacement,
flow versus pressure, voltage versus frequency, etc.
The phase deviation between two sinusoidal signals with the same frequency can be measured
via the Lissajous method and the XY display of the oscilloscope. The figure below shows the
measurement schematic diagram of the phase deviation:
C4 nuntilthe Ilin Universal Knob
41
Figure 39 - Calculating phase difference with Lissajous figure
The phase difference between the two sinusoids is:
𝜃𝜃 = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1(𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵
�)
If the principal axis of the ellipse is within quadrant I and III, the phase difference should be in
quadrant I and IV (between 0 to π/2 or 3π/2 to 2π). If the principal axis of the ellipse is within
quadrant II and IV, the phase difference will be within quadrant II and III (between π/2 to π or π
to 3π/2).
4.8 Sequence Mode
Sequence mode is used to capture a series of frames. The waveforms are not displayed during
capture, letting the oscilloscope focus its resources on collecting the sample data. This improves
the waveform capture rate. The maximum capture rate is more than 300,000 waveforms/s. An
infrequent event is more likely to be captured using sequence mode.
You set the number of frames to capture (called segments) and the oscilloscope will run until the
specified number of frames has been acquired. The oscilloscope keeps running and filling data
memory in segments for each trigger event until the memory is full. Then you can use the History
button to view the captured data.
Using the Sequence Mode:
1. The HORIZONTAL Format must be set to YT
2. Press the Acquire button on the front panel to enter the ACQUIRE menu.
3. Set the horizontal format to YT by pressing the XY button until it displays Off.
4. Press the Sequence softkey to enter the SEQUENCE menu.
Figure 40: SEQUENCE menu
5. Press the Segments Set softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
e List softkey vi The list shows th d highlights displayed on the Universal Knob
42
6. Press the Acq. Mode softkey until it displays On.
7. You will see a message at the lower right of the screen saying the segments are being
acquired.
Replaying a sequence of captured waveforms
1. Press the History button to enable the HISTORY menu.
Figure 41 - HISTORY menu
2. Press the List softkey to turn on the list display. The list shows the acquisition time of every
frame and highlights the frame number that is displayed on the screen.
3. Press the Frame No. softkey; and then turn the Universal Knob to select the frame to
display.
4. Press the softkey to replay the waveform from the current frame to the first frame.
5. Press the softkey to pause the replay.
6. Press the softkey to replay the waveform from the current frame to the last frame.
7. The Interval softkey sets the time between frames. You can view the sequentially-captured
waveforms like a movie and quickly find unusual behavior.
I Auto Normal Single Single: This is the same as normal triggering except the trigger is disabled after the first waveform waveform that cau that don't repeat.
43
5 Trigger
Figure 42 - Trigger
Setup: Press this button to open the trigger menu. This menu lets you control
how the oscilloscope's capture system decides when to capture a waveform.
This oscilloscope provides a variety of trigger types: Edge, Slope, Pulse, Video,
Window, Interval, Dropout, Runt, Pattern and Serial Bus
(I2C/SPI/UART/RS232/CAN/LIN).
Auto: Auto triggering is a triggering method that always lets you see a trace on
the screen. If the normal triggering scheme does not trigger after a certain
time, the oscilloscope generates a trigger.
Normal: Normal triggering has the oscilloscope trigger (i.e., capture the
waveform into memory and display it) when the trigger conditions are met.
After the waveform is displayed, the oscilloscope arms the trigger and waits
for another trigger event and displays the next waveform when triggered.
Single: This is the same as normal triggering except the trigger is disabled after
the first waveform is captured. This allows you to see the details of the
waveform that caused the trigger. It is useful for capturing transient events
that don't repeat.
Lave 40 e— Multiple cycles One cycle Rising edge Falling edge Restore previous settings Noisy sine wave Shows multiple cycles. This is the default behavior. Shows one cycle of the waveform. Puts a rising edge at the center of the screen by changing the Puts a falling edge at the center of the screen by changing the Go back to your previous settings. This acts like an undo button. Changes to averaging mode with a sample size of 16 to reduce
44
Trigger Level Knob: Sets the voltage or current level that the oscilloscope will
trigger at. This trigger level is displayed in the upper right portion of the
display. Press the knob to set the trigger level to 50% of waveform's
amplitude.
5.1 Overview of triggering
The trigger determines when the oscilloscope starts to acquire data and display a waveform.
When a trigger is set up properly, the oscilloscope converts unstable displays or blank screens
into meaningful waveforms
Note: the 2540C Series oscilloscopes allow the use of either voltage or current units for waveform
measurements. The remainder of this chapter will refer to just voltages, but it applies to current
levels, too.
5.2 Auto Setup
The oscilloscope automatically identifies the waveform type, trigger level, and scales to produce
a usable display of the input signal.
Press the Auto Setup button to perform the function and the following softkeys will be available.
Softkey
Description
Multiple cycles
Shows multiple cycles. This is the default behavior.
One cycle
Shows one cycle of the waveform.
Rising edge
Puts a rising edge at the center of the screen by changing the
trigger slope to positive.
Falling edge
Puts a falling edge at the center of the screen by changing the
trigger slope to negative.
Restore previous settings
Go back to your previous settings. This acts like an undo button.
Noisy sine wave
Changes to averaging mode with a sample size of 16 to reduce
noise.
If the waveform is out of the Auto Setup's range, a dialog window will is displayed explaining that
Auto Setup did not work.
5.3 Setting the Trigger
Digital oscilloscopes capture the waveform continuously, but will not display the captured
waveform unless the oscilloscope is triggered. A stable display needs a stable trigger. The
triggering circuitry generates a trigger event when the logical trigger conditions are satisfied by
the waveform.
Trigger Event 1 Pre-trigger Buffer Post—trigger Buffer v Acquisition Memory Figure 43 - Acquisition Memory Schematic Choosing the right trigger mode and setting it up correctly can take some practice and it is best on on the front Universal Knob
45
Here is a schematic diagram of the acquisition memory. The position of the trigger event in time
is defined to be the zero-time location. Waveform samples before the trigger event are in the
pre-trigger buffer and samples after the trigger event are in the post-trigger buffer. By default,
the trigger event is shown at the center of the screen, but turning the horizontal position knob
lets you put other portions of the buffer in the center of the screen.
Choosing the right trigger mode and setting it up correctly can take some practice and it is best
done if you know something about the signal you are trying to capture. The oscilloscope provides
a variety of triggering types and logical conditions for generating a trigger event, such as Edge,
Slope, Pulse, Video, Window, Interval, Dropout, Runt, Pattern and Serial triggering. These
triggering types will be discussed in the following sections.
5.4 Trigger Source
The trigger source is the signal that will be compared to the logical conditions you set to generate
a trigger event. The most common trigger source is the signal on one of the analog input channels,
but the EXT BNC connector on the front panel can be used to trigger on an external signal. If you
are looking at waveforms that are derived from the AC line power, you'll probably want to use
the AC line as the trigger source. For example, to measure the 120 Hz ripple in a voltage regulator
circuit, you'd want to trigger on the 60 Hz AC line for a stable signal.
Press the Setup button in the Trigger section on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu.
Press the Source softkey and then turn the Universal Knob to select the desired trigger source.
The current trigger source is displayed at the upper right corner of the screen.
The edge trigger type allows triggering from the analog channels, an external signal on the EXT
input terminal, or the AC line. The remaining triggering types use only the analog channels as
their source.
If you select the Serial trigger type, the Source softkey changes to the Protocol softkey.
For the analog and external triggers, the trigger level can be set from about -4 to 4 screen
divisions.
5.5 Trigger Mode
The three trigger modes are Auto, Normal and Single.
Figure 43 - Acquisition Memory Schematic
e- ge trigger. The t rigger Level rigger Level knob rigger Level
46
After the oscilloscope begins to capture data, the oscilloscope operates by first filling the pre-
trigger buffer. The oscilloscope starts searching for a trigger after the pre-trigger buffer is filled
and data continues to flow through this buffer while it searches for the trigger. While searching
for the trigger, the oscilloscope overflows the pre-trigger buffer and the first data put into the
buffer is pushed out.
When a trigger is found, the pre-trigger buffer retains the events that occurred just before the
trigger. Then, the oscilloscope fills the post-trigger buffer and displays both buffers on the screen.
Press the Auto, Normal or the Single button on the front panel to select the desired trigger mode.
The lighted button indicates the current trigger mode.
Auto: The oscilloscope waits for the trigger logical conditions to be satisfied, but if the trigger
conditions are not satisfied after a period of time, the oscilloscope generates an internal trigger
event, causing the trace to be displayed. Auto mode is useful for measuring DC voltages and
unknown signals. Once a signal is displayed, you may want to change to Normal mode.
Normal: The oscilloscope waits for the trigger logical conditions to be satisfied; when they are, a
trigger event is generated and the trace is displayed. The triggering circuitry re-arms itself and
again waits for the trigger logical conditions to be satisfied. Use normal triggering when you do
not want to see the horizontal line when the input is DC or there's no signal.
Single: This mode is the same as the normal mode, except the oscilloscope is put into the Stopped
state after the trigger event has occurred. The single trigger mode is commonly used to capture
infrequent transient events that do not repeat in time. One example of use is to capture the
contact bounce of a mechanical switch.
5.6 Trigger Level
The level and slope define the trigger point for an edge trigger. The trigger level can be adjusted
for an analog channel or external signal by turning the Trigger Level knob.
Push the Trigger Level knob to set the level to the middle of the waveform. If AC coupling is used,
pushing the Trigger Level knob sets the trigger level to approximately 0 V. The position of the
trigger level for the analog channel is indicated by the trigger level icon (if the channel is on)
on the right side of the display. The value of the analog channel trigger level is displayed in the
upper-right corner of the display. The color of the icon tells you which channel is providing the
trigger signal (more detailed information is in the trigger box in the right column of the screen.
Figure 44 - Trigger level for an edge trigger
Trigger Level
Negative Slope
Positive Slope
Trigger Point
Input Signal
menu. If the Trig Universal Knob Holdof‘f >1 bl >l 200ns 600ns f Trigger Point Horizontal Scale
47
5.7 Trigger Coupling
Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu. If the Trigger type has
Coupling softkey, then press the Coupling softkey and turn the Universal Knob or press the
Coupling softkey continually to select one of the following trigger coupling modes:
• DC: Allows both DC and AC components into the trigger path.
• AC: Blocks the DC components and attenuates signals lower than 8 Hz. Use AC coupling
to get a stable edge trigger when your waveform has a DC offset.
• LF Reject: Blocks the DC components and rejects the low frequency components below
900 kHz. Use LF Reject coupling to get a stable edge trigger when your waveform has low
frequency noise, power line harmonics, etc.
• HF Reject: Reject high frequency components higher 500 kHz.
5.8 Trigger Hold Off
Trigger Hold Off can be used to stabilize the triggering of complex waveforms such as series of
pulses. Hold off time is the amount of time that the oscilloscope waits after a trigger event
before re-arming the trigger circuitry. The oscilloscope will not trigger until the hold off time
expires.
Use the Hold Off option to trigger on repetitive waveforms that have multiple edges (or other
events) between waveform repetitions. You can also use the Trigger Hold Off to trigger on the
first edge of a burst when you know the minimum time between bursts.
For example, to get a stable trigger on the repetitive pulse burst shown below, set the hold off
time to be greater than 200 ns but less than 600 ns.
Figure 45 - Trigger hold off
To set the Hold Off:
1. Press the Run/Stop button to stop waveform capture, and then use the Horizontal Position
knob and the Horizontal Scale knob to find where the waveform repeats.
2. Measure this time using cursors or using the screen's graticule.
Note: Trigger coupling is different from channel coupling.
e- Universal Knob When
48
3. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu. The trigger type must
be Edge.
4. Press the Holdoff Close soft key until it reads Holdoff Time.
5. Turn the Universal Knob to set the desired hold off time.
6. When you no longer need a holdoff time, press the Holdoff Time soft key until it reads Holdoff
Close.
5.9 Noise Rejection
Noise Reject adds additional hysteresis to the trigger circuitry. By increasing the trigger hysteresis
band, you reduce the possibility of triggering on noise. This decreases the trigger sensitivity so a
slightly larger signal is required to trigger the oscilloscope.
Press the Setup button on the front panel, and then press the Noise Reject softkey to turn noise
rejection on or off.
If the signal is noisy, you can set the oscilloscope to reduce the noise in the trigger path and on
the displayed waveform. To reduce noise from the trigger path:
1. Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.
2. Press the Setup button.
3. Press the Coupling softkey and choose LF Reject or HF Reject. Alternatively, you can press
the Noise Reject softkey until it says On.
4. Optional: Press the Acquisition button and choose the Average option to reduce random
vertical noise on the displayed waveform.
Note: Adjusting the time scale and horizontal position will not affect the hold off time.
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49
Figure 46 - Turn off noise reject
Figure 47 - Turn on noise reject
5.10 Trigger Types
The oscilloscope provides multiple advanced trigger functions, including various serial bus
triggers.
Rising Edge Falling Edge __________________ Trigger Level Trigger Point Trigger Point Universal Knob rigger Level
50
Edge Trigger
An edge trigger's logical condition is met when the waveform passes through a set voltage level
while increasing (positive slope) or passes through a set voltage level while decreasing (negative
slope).
In the following diagram, the trigger event will occur when the slope is positive at the left-most
trigger point. Conversely, the trigger event will occur at the right-most trigger point for a negative
slope.
Figure 48 - Edge trigger
To set the Edge Trigger
1. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the trigger menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to highlight Edge and push the knob to select.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select one of the analog channels, EXT,
EXT/5 or AC Line as the trigger source.
4. Press the Slope softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired trigger edge (Rising,
Falling or Alter), and then press the knob to confirm. The current trigger slope is displayed at
the upper right corner of the screen. Alter is an alternating trigger that will trigger on
alternate rising and falling slopes.
5. Adjust the Trigger Level knob to get stable trigger.
- 'he upper limit of trigger level 'he lowerllmlt ofmgger level Posmve slope time Universal Knob
51
Figure 49 - Edge trigger
Slope Trigger
The slope trigger's logical condition is a transition between two voltage levels when the time of
the transition meets a condition. The transition time can be greater than or less than a specified
number, within a specified range of times, or outside of a specified range of times. The slope of
the waveform can be set to rising or falling. The following figure shows a positive slope time,
which is defined as the time difference between the two crossing points of trigger levels A and B
on the positive slope of the waveform.
Figure 50 - Positive slope time
To set the Slope Trigger:
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select Slope and push the knob to confirm.
Note: Pressing the Auto Setup button will set the trigger type to Edge and the slope to rising.
Universal Knob e— Universal Knob
52
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the analog channel you wish to
use as the trigger source.
4. Press the Slope softkey to choose between rising and falling slope. The current trigger slope
is displayed at the upper right corner of the screen.
Figure 51 - Slope trigger
5. Press the Limit Range softkey.
6. Press the softkey to the immediate right of the Limit Range softkey to adjust the slope time(s).
7. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired slope condition and push the knob to confirm.
< (Less than a time value): Trigger when the slope time of the input signal is less than the
specified time.
> (Greater than a time value): Trigger when the slope time of the input signal is greater
than the specified time value.
[--,--] (Within a range of time values): Trigger when the slope time of the input signal is
greater than the specified lower limit and less than the specified upper limit.
--][-- (Outside a range of time values): Trigger when the slope time of the input signal is
greater than the specified upper limit or less than the specified lower limit.
8. Press the Next Page softkey and press Lower Upper softkey to set the Lower and Upper
trigger levels.
9. Turn the Trigger Level knob to adjust the position. The trigger level values are displayed at
the upper right corner of the screen.
Figure 52 - Pulse Trigger Universal Knob e Universal Knob rigger Level Knob Limit Range Universal Knob K [DOM—4 le 1 Wm fl, Trigger a J;
53
Pulse Trigger
This trigger is used to trigger on a positive or negative pulse with a specified width.
To set the Pulse Trigger:
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select Pulse and push the knob to confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to choose which analog channel to use for
the trigger source.
4. Turn the Trigger Level Knob to adjust the trigger level. The pulse width will be measured at
this voltage on the waveform.
5. Press the Polarity softkey to trigger on a Positive or Negative pulse. The current trigger
polarity is displayed at the upper right corner of the screen.
6. Press the Limit Range softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired condition.
< (Less than specified time): Trigger when the measured pulse width is less than the
specified time.
For example, for a positive pulse, if you set the pulse width < 100 ns, the oscilloscope will trigger
on the following waveform:
Note: The lower trigger level cannot be larger than the upper trigger level. In the trigger state
message box, L1 means the upper trigger lever while L2 means the lower trigger level.
Positive Pulse Width
Negative Pulse Width
Trigger Level
Figure 52 - Pulse Trigger
Trigger Io—llilUns—4 |.— —.4 —.| 1,,Trlgger
54
> (Greater than specified time): Trigger when the measured pulse width is greater than
the specified time.
For example, for a positive pulse, if you set the pulse width >100 ns, the oscilloscope will trigger
on the following waveform
[--,--] (Within a range of specified times): Trigger when the pulse width is between the
lower and upper specified times.
For example, for a positive pulse, if you set the pulse width) between 100 ns and 300 ns, the
oscilloscope will trigger on the following waveform
--][-- (Outside a range of specified times): Trigger when the pulse width is greater than
the upper limit or lower than the lower limit. This is the logical complement of the
previous triggering interval.
Figure 53 - Pulse trigger
Universal Knob gger Level NTSC PAL HDTV 720P/50 HDTV 720P/60 HDTV 1080P/50 HDTV 1osov/eo HDTV 1080i/50 HDTV mam/so Custom Interlaced Interlaced Progressive Progressive Progressive Progressive Interlaced Interlaced Bi-Ievel Bi-Ievel Tri-Ievel Tri-Ievel Tri-Ievel Tri-Ievel Tri-Ievel Tri-Ievel - Frame rate 25 Hz, 30 Hz, Of Lines 300 - 2000 Of Fields 1, 2, 4, or 8 Interlace 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1 Trigger Position Lifi (line value)/1 (line value)/2 Field
55
Video Trigger
Video triggering is used to get stable displays of analog video signals and allows you to view any
portion of a video frame. For NTSC (National Television Standards Committee), PAL (Phase
Alternating Line), 1080i (50 Hz or 60 Hz), or custom video signals, you can trigger on a selected
line or field. For the HDTV (High Definition Television) 720p and 1080p signals (either 50 or 60
Hz), you can trigger on a selected line.
To set the Video Trigger:
1. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select Video and push the knob to confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select an analog channel as the trigger
source.
4. Note the Trigger Level knob does not change the trigger level because the trigger level is
automatically set to the sync pulse.
5. Press the Standard softkey to select the desired video standard. The oscilloscope supports
the following video standards:
Standard
Type
Sync Pulse
NTSC
Interlaced
Bi-level
PAL
Interlaced
Bi-level
HDTV 720P/50
Progressive
Tri-level
HDTV 720P/60
Progressive
Tri-level
HDTV 1080P/50
Progressive
Tri-level
HDTV 1080P/60
Progressive
Tri-level
HDTV 1080i/50
Interlaced
Tri-level
HDTV 1080i/60
Interlaced
Tri-level
Custom
The following table shows the parameters of the Custom video trigger:
Softkey
Frame rate 25 Hz, 30 Hz,
50 Hz, 60 Hz
Of Lines
300 - 2000
Of Fields
1, 2, 4, or 8
Interlace
1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1
Trigger Position
Line
Field
(line value)/1
1
(line value)/2
2
(line value)/3 (line value)/4 (line value)/5 (line value)/6 (line value)/7 ooxlmu-Ibw (line value)/8 800 1 1:1 800 1 800 1, 2, 4 or 8 2:1 400 1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-8 800 1, 2, 4 or 8 4:1 200 1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-8 800 1, 2, 4 or 8 8:1 100 1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-8 on any of the her ran the line and Universal Knob ——m NTsc 1 to 262 1 to 263 PAL no 312 1m 313 HDTV 720P/50, HDTV 720P/60 1 to 750 HDTV 1080P/50, HDTV 1080P/60 1 to 1125 HDTV 1080iP/50, HDTV 1080i/60 1 to 562 1 to 563
56
(line value)/3
3
(line value)/4
4
(line value)/5
5
(line value)/6
6
(line value)/7
7
(line value)/8
8
The table below takes Of Lines as 800 as an example to explain the relation between Of Lines, Of
Fields, Interlace, Trigger Line and Trigger Field.
Of Lines
Of Fields
Interlace
Trigger Line
Trigger Field
800
1
1:1
800
1
800
1, 2, 4 or 8
2:1
400
1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-8
800
1, 2, 4 or 8
4:1
200
1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-8
800
1, 2, 4 or 8
8:1
100
1, 1-2, 1-4, 1-8
6. Press the Sync softkey to select Any or Select trigger mode.
Any: Trigger on any of the horizontal sync pulses.
Select: Trigger on the line and field you have selected. Press the Line or Field softkey;
then turn the Universal Knob to set the value.
The following table lists the line numbers per field for each video standard:
Standard
Field 1
Field 2
NTSC
1 to 262
1 to 263
PAL
1 to 312
1 to 313
HDTV 720P/50, HDTV 720P/60
1 to 750
HDTV 1080P/50, HDTV 1080P/60
1 to 1125
HDTV 1080iP/50, HDTV 1080i/60
1 to 562
1 to 563
The following exercises will help familiarize you with video triggering.
Trigger on a Specific Line of Video
Video triggering requires greater than 1/2 division of sync amplitude with any analog channel as
the trigger source.
The example below sets the oscilloscope to trigger on field 2, line 124 using the NTSC video
standard.
1. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu.
UnIversal Knob Press the Sync soft e softk U 'versal Knob to s Universal Knob Universal Knob g softkey to ente Universal Knob Universal Knob
57
2. Press the Type softkey. Use the Universal Knob to select Video and push the knob to confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the channel that has the video
signal as the trigger source and press the knob to confirm.
4. Press the Standard softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select NTSC and press the knob to
confirm.
5. Press the Sync softkey and set the option to Select. Press the Line softkey and turn the
Universal Knob to select 022 and push the knob to confirm. Press the Field softkey and turn
the Universal Knob to select 1 and push the knob to confirm
Figure 54 - Video Trigger
To Use the Custom Video Trigger
Custom video trigger supports frame rates of 25 Hz, 30 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz. The line range
available is from 300 to 2000. The steps below show you how to set custom trigger.
1. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Use the Universal Knob to select Video and push the knob to confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the analog channel that has the
video signal as the trigger source and push the knob to confirm.
4. Press the Standard softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select Custom and push the knob to
confirm.
5. Press the Setting softkey to enter the custom setting function menu. Press the Interlace
softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
6. Press the Of Field softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
Universal Knob Universal Knob Absolu Horizontal Trigger Position 7777777777777777 High Level ________________ Low Level rsal Knob
58
7. Press the Sync softkey to enter the TRIG ON menu to set the line and field.
Press the Type softkey to select Any.
If the Type option is set to Select, press the Line softkey; turn the Universal Knob to select
the desired value.
Press the Field softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
Window Trigger
The window trigger provides two trigger voltage levels, high and low. The oscilloscope triggers
when the input signal enters or exits the defined voltage window.
There are two kinds of window types: Absolute and Relative. They have different trigger level
adjustment methods.
• Absolute Window Trigger: The lower and the upper trigger levels can be adjusted via the
Level knob.
• Relative Window Trigger: Adjust the Center value to set the window center. Adjust the
Delta value to set the window height. The lower and the upper trigger levels will move
together.
Figure 55 - Window trigger
If the lower and the upper trigger levels are both within the waveform amplitude range, the
oscilloscope will trigger on both rising and falling edges. This will display two traces on the
screen.
If the upper trigger level is within the waveform amplitude range while the lower trigger level
is outside of the waveform's amplitude range, the oscilloscope will trigger on the rising edge
only.
If the lower trigger level is within the waveform amplitude range while the upper trigger level
is outside of the waveform's amplitude range, the oscilloscope will trigger on the falling edge
only.
Setting Window Trigger via Absolute window type:
1. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Use the Universal Knob to select Window and press the knob to
confirm.
ersa‘ Knob Universal Knob Universa‘ Knob
59
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select one of the analog channels as the
trigger source.
4. Press the Window Type softkey to select Absolute.
5. Press the Lower Upper softkey to select the Lower or Upper trigger level. Turn the Level knob
to adjust the position. The trigger level values are displayed at the upper right corner of the
screen. Note the two left-facing pre-trigger level indicators on the right side of the screen.
The Lower trigger level cannot be located higher than the Upper trigger level. In the trigger
state message box, L1 means the upper trigger level while L2 means the lower trigger level.
Figure 56 - Absolute window trigger
Setting Window Trigger via Relative window type:
1. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Use the Universal Knob to select Window and push the knob to
confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select one of the analog channels as the
trigger source.
4. Press the Window Type softkey to select Relative.
5. Press the Center Delta softkey to select Center or Delta trigger level mode.
6. Then turn the Level knob to adjust the position. The Center and Delta values are displayed at
the upper right corner of the screen.
In the trigger state message box, C means Center, the center value of the lower and upper
trigger levels. D means Delta, half the difference between the upper and lower levels.
Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob
60
Figure 57 - Relative window trigger
Interval Trigger
This trigger should be used when the time difference between neighboring rising or falling edges
meets the one of the time limit conditions (<, >, [--,--], --][--).
Figure 58 - Interval trigger
Setting Interval Trigger:
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Use the Universal Knob to select Interval and push the knob to
confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select one of the analog channels as
the trigger source.
4. Press the Slope softkey to select rising or falling edge.
Press the LimitRange softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select desired condition:
< (less than a time value): trigger when the positive or negative pulse time of the input
signal is less than the specified time value.
Trigger
Trigger
61
> (greater than a time value): trigger when the positive or negative pulse time of the
input signal is greater than the specified time value.
[--,--] (within a range of time value): trigger when the positive or negative pulse time of
the input signal is greater than the specified lower limit of time and less than the specified
upper limit of time value.
--][-- (outside a range of time value): trigger when the positive or negative pulse time of
the input signal is greater than the specified upper limit of time and less than the
specified lower limit of time value.
5. Press the Time Setting softkey (<, >, [--,--], --][--), turn the Universal Knob to select the
desired value.
Figure 59 - Interval trigger
DropOut Trigger
There are two types of DropOut triggers: edge and state. The oscilloscope will trigger when a
signal edge disappears for longer than a specified time. For example, if you had the oscilloscope
monitoring a digital system's clock, you could set the Time value to slightly longer than the clock
period. The oscilloscope would then trigger on a missing clock pulse.
Edge
Trigger when the time interval (△T) from when the rising edge (or falling edge) of the input signal
passes through the trigger level to when the next rising edge (or falling edge) passes through the
trigger level is greater than the timeout time set, as shown in the figure below.
g |—% H |—’l Figure 60 - Edge dropout trigger Setting Edge DropOut Trigger ersal Knob Un ersal Knob
62
Setting Edge DropOut Trigger
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Use the Universal Knob to select Dropout and push the knob to
confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select one of the analog channels as the
trigger source. The current trigger source is displayed at the upper right corner of the screen.
4. Press the Slope softkey to select the rising or falling edge.
5. Press the OverTime Type softkey to select Edge.
6. Press the Time softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
Figure 61 - Edge DropOut trigger
Figure 60 - Edge dropout trigger
Trigger Trigger
inlfl, Trigger Figure 62 » State trigger An example of use would be a digital system clock where an isolated pulse gets stretched in time Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Kno-
63
Trigger when the time interval (△T) from when the rising or falling edge of the input signal passes
through the trigger level to when the next edge of opposite slope passes through the trigger level
is greater than the timeout time set, as shown in the figure below.
An example of use would be a digital system clock where an isolated pulse gets stretched in time.
Setting the trigger value to slightly more than half the clock's period could find such stretched
pulses.
Setting State DropOut trigger
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select DropOut and push the knob to
confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select an analog channel as the trigger
source.
4. Press the Slope softkey to select rising or falling edge.
5. Press the OverTime Type softkey to select State.
6. Press the Time softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
Trigger
Trigger
Figure 62 - State trigger
Figure 63 - Stale DropOut nigger Figure 64 — Run! Trigger Description Triggering will occur when e Universal Knob
64
Runt Trigger
The Runt trigger looks for pulses that cross one threshold but not another as shown in the picture
below.
Triggering will occur when
• A positive-going pulse crosses a lower threshold but not an upper threshold.
• A negative-going pulse crosses an upper threshold but not a lower threshold.
To trigger on a runt pulse
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select Runt and push the knob to confirm.
Figure 63 - State DropOut trigger
Low Level
High Level
Positive runt pulse
Negative runt pulse
Figure 64 – Runt Trigger Description
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3. Press the Source softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select an analog channel as the trigger
source.
4. Press the Polarity softkey to select a positive or negative pulse to trigger on.
5. Press the LimitRange softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired condition (<, >,
[--,--] or --][--).
To adjust the time setting, press the softkey immediately to the right of the Limit Range softkey.
Enter a time by turning the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
Figure 65 - Time setting runt trigger
6. Press the Next Page softkey to enter the second page of the TRIGGER menu. Press the Lower
Upper softkey to select Lower or Upper trigger level. Turn the Universal Knob to set the
position.
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Figure 66 - Runt trigger
Pattern Trigger
The Pattern trigger identifies a trigger condition by looking for a specified pattern. The pattern
trigger can be expanded to incorporate delays similar to other triggers. Pattern durations are
evaluated using a timer. The timer starts on the last edge that makes the pattern “true”. Potential
triggers occur on the first edge that makes the pattern false, provided that the time qualifier
criterion has been met. The oscilloscope provides 4 patterns: logical AND, OR, NAND and NOR
combination of the channels. Each channel can set to low, high or invalid.
1 1 Trigger Posirion 1 Tngger Posirionz Figure 67 - Pattern Trigger Universal Knob Channel 1 High Channel 1 Low Channel 1 High Universal Knob
67
To set pattern trigger
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select Pattern and then push the knob to
confirm.
3. Press the Source softkey to select each channel and press the softkey to the right to select
Don’t Care, High or Low for that channel.
Low sets the pattern to low on the selected channel. A low is a voltage level that is less
than the channel's trigger level or threshold level.
High sets the pattern to high on the selected channel. A high is a voltage level that is
greater than the channel's trigger level or threshold level.
Don’t Care sets the pattern to don't care on the selected channel. Any channel set to
don't care is ignored and is not used as part of the pattern.
However, if all channels in the pattern are set to Don't Care, the oscilloscope will not trigger.
Adjust the trigger level for the selected analog channel by turning the trigger Level knob. An
Invalid channel doesn’t need its trigger level set.
4. Press the Next Page softkey to enter the second page of the pattern trigger menu.
5. Press the Logic softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired logic combination
AND, OR, NAND or NOR.
6. Press the Hold Off Close softkey to turn on the Hold Off function and turn the Universal Knob
to select the desired value.
Figure 67 - Pattern Trigger
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Figure 68 - Pattern trigger
Serial Trigger
I2C Triggering
After the oscilloscope has been set up to capture I2C signals, you can trigger on a stop/start
condition, a restart, a missing acknowledge, an EEPROM data read, a read/write frame with a
specific device address and data value, or on a data length.
1. Press the Setup button on the front panel to enter trigger menu.
2. Press the Type softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select Serial and press the Protocol softkey
to select I2C.
3. Press the Signal softkey to configure the channels to be either SCA or SCL and their logic
voltage threshold levels.
4. Press the softkey and press the Trigger Setting softkey, press the Condition Softkey,
and turn the Universal Knob to select the trigger:
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69
Start - The oscilloscope triggers when SDA transitions from high to low while the SCL
clock is high. For triggering purposes (including frame triggers), a restart is treated as a
start condition.
Stop - The oscilloscope triggers when data (SDA) transitions from low to high while the
clock (SCL) is high.
Figure 69 – Start vs stop condition
Restart - The oscilloscope triggers when another start condition occurs before a Stop
Condition.
No Ack -The oscilloscope triggers when SDA is high during any Ack SCL clock bit.
EEPROM -The trigger looks for the EEPROM control byte value 1010xxx on the SDA line,
followed by a Read bit and an Ack bit. It then looks for the data value and qualifier set by
the Limit Range softkey and the Data1 softkey. When this event occurs, the oscilloscope
will trigger on the clock edge for the Ack bit after the data byte. This data byte does not
need to occur directly after the control byte.
Figure 70 - EEPROM trigger
To set the oscilloscope to trigger on an EEPROM Data Read condition:
a) Press the Limit Range softkey to set the oscilloscope to trigger when the data is
= (equal to), < (less than), or > (greater than) the data value set in the Data1 softkey.
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The oscilloscope will trigger on the clock edge for the Ack bit after the trigger event
is found. This data byte does not need to occur directly after the control byte. The
oscilloscope will trigger on any data byte that meets the criteria defined by the Byte
Length and Data1 softkeys during a current address read, a random read, or a
sequential read cycle.
7-bit Address & Data Condition - The oscilloscope triggers on a read or write frame in 7-
bit addressing mode on the 17th or the 26th clock edge if all bits in the pattern match.
For triggering purposes, a restart is treated as a start condition:
Figure 71 - 7-bit address and data condition trigger (17th clock edge)
Figure 72 - 7-bit address and data condition trigger (26th clock edge)
• To set the oscilloscope to trigger on a 7-bit address read or write frame condition or
a 10-bit read or write frame condition:
a) Press the Addr softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the 7-bit or 10-bit device
address.
You can select from an address range of 0x00 to 0x7F (7-bit) or 0x3FF (10-bit)
hexadecimal. When triggering on a read/write frame, the oscilloscope will trigger
after the start, address, read/write, acknowledge, and data events occur. If "don't
care" is selected (0xXX or 0xXXX) for the address, the address will be ignored. The
trigger will always occur on the 17th clock for 7-bit addressing or 26th clock for 10-
bit addressing.
b) Press the Data1 or Data2 softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the 8-bit data
pattern on which to trigger. You can select a data value in the range of 0x00 to 0xFF
If "don't care" (0 ll be ign always occur on th cloc If you have sel Universal Knob ddress b ite fram rite: Add ite fram Wr‘ne soAfiJ—’—\/ /—’—\ m M :n sum, , r1: am; .W aw F‘J Start or Address RI Add Address Mk2 Dela I Slop Restart 1s! byte 2"“ We Trigge! poinl Comm" Condition 26m clock edge gth » The use Universal Knob
71
(hexadecimal). The oscilloscope will trigger after the start, address, read/write,
acknowledge, and data events occur.
c) If "don't care" (0xXX) is selected for data, the data will be ignored. The trigger will
always occur on the 17th clock for 7-bit addressing or 26th clock for 10-bit addressing.
If you have selected a three-byte trigger, press the Data2 softkey and turn the
Universal Knob to select the 8-bit data pattern on which to trigger.
10-bit Address & Data Condition - The oscilloscope triggers on a 10-bit write frame on
the 26th (or 34th) clock edge if all bits in the pattern match. The frame is in the format:
Frame (Start: Address byte 1: Write: Address byte 2: Ack: Data). The oscilloscope triggers
on a read or write frame in 10-bit addressing mode on the 26th clock edge if all bits in the
pattern match. Data2 shows 0xXX. For triggering purposes, a restart is treated as a start
condition.
Frame (Start: Address byte 1: Write: Address byte 2: Ack: Data: Ack: Data). The
oscilloscope triggers on a read or write frame in 7-bit addressing mode on the 34th clock
edge if all bits in the pattern match. Data2 is available. For triggering purposes, a restart
is treated as a start condition:
Figure 73 - 10-bit address & data condition
Data Length - The oscilloscope triggers when the SDA data length is equal to the value
set in the Byte Length softkey.
• To set the oscilloscope to trigger on data length condition:
a) Press Address to set the SDA address length to 7-bit or 10-bit.
b) Press the Byte Length softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the byte
length.
c) The range of the Byte Length is 1 to 12.
SPI Triggering
After the oscilloscope has been set up to capture SPI signals, you can trigger on a data pattern
that occurs at the start of a frame. The serial data string can be specified to be from 4 to 96 bits
long.
'versal Knob Universal Knob 55 the Bit Roll 50f Universal Knob Universal knob
72
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey.
3. Turn the Universal Knob to select Serial.
4. Press the Protocol softkey to select SPI.
5. Press the Signal softkey to assign signals to the different channels and its respective
threshold.
6. Press the softkey and press the Trigger Setting softkey to enter the SPI TRIG SET menu.
Figure 74: SPI TRIG SET menu
7. Press the Trigger Type softkey to select the trigger condition.
MISO DATA (Master-In, Slave-Out) - for triggering on the MISO data signal.
MOSI DATA (Master-Out, Slave-In) - for triggering on the MOSI data signal.
8. Press the Data Length softkey.
9. Turn the Universal Knob to set the number of bits in the serial data string. The number of bits
in the string can be set from 4 bits to 96 bits. The data values for the serial string are displayed
in the MISO/ MOSI data string in the waveform area.
10. For each bit in the MISO/ MOSI data string:
a. Press the Bit Roll softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to select the bit location. As you rotate
the Universal knob, the bit is highlighted in the Data string shown in the waveform area.
b. Press the Bit Value softkey to set the bit selected in the Bit Roll softkey to 0 (low), 1 (high),
or X (don't care).
11. Pressing the All Same softkey will set all bits in the data string to 0 (low), 1 (high), or X (don't
care) at once.
12. Press the Next Page softkey to see the last menu item Bit Order.
13. Press the Bit Order softkey to set the bit order to LSB (least significant bit) first or MSB (most
significant bit) first. This will determine which bit will be used first when displaying data in the
serial decode waveform and in the Lister.
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Figure 75 - SPI trigger
UART Triggering
To trigger on a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) signal, connect the
oscilloscope to the RX and TX lines and set up a trigger condition. RS232 (Recommended Standard
232) is one example of a UART protocol.
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey.
3. Turn the Universal Knob to select Serial.
4. Press the Protocol softkey to select UART.
5. Press the Signal softkey to configure the channels to be either RX or TX and their voltage
threshold levels.
6. Press the key and press the Trigger Setting softkey to enter the UART TRIG SET menu.
‘vTFtt Emma Ty pa TX Figure 76: UART TRIG SET menu Use the data v “H‘- .
74
Figure 76: UART TRIG SET menu
7. Press the Source Type softkey to select TX or RX.
8. Press the Condition softkey and set up the desired trigger condition:
Start - The oscilloscope triggers when a start bit occurs.
Stop - The oscilloscope triggers when a stop bit occurs on RX.
Data - The oscilloscope triggers on a data byte that you specify. For use when the device
under test data words are from 5 to 8 bits in length
a. Press the Compare Type softkey and choose an equality qualifier. You can choose
equal to, less than, or greater than a specific data value.
b. Use the Value softkey to choose the data value for your trigger comparison. This
works in conjunction with the Compare Type softkey. The range of the Value is 0x00
to 0xff.
Error - The oscilloscope triggers when a parity error.
Figure 77 - UART trigger
CAN Triggering
To set up the oscilloscope to capture a CAN signal:
Universal Knob Press the Baud so your CAN bus sig up to 1 Mb/s or listed, select C Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob turn the Universal Knob select the ba N baud r redefined b d rate st Ifthe d Universal Knob
75
1. Press the Setup button to enter the TRIGGER menu.
2. Press the Type softkey.
3. Turn the Universal Knob to select Serial and press the Protocol softkey to select CAN.
4. Press the Signal softkey to configure the channels and assign to them the High or Low CAN
signal and to configure the SOURCE, which can be CAN_H, CAN_L, or CAN_H-CAN_L.
5. Press the Trigger Setting softkey to enter the CAN TRIG SET menu.
6. Press the Condition softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the trigger condition:
Start - The oscilloscope triggers at the start of a frame.
Remote - The oscilloscope triggers on remote frames with the specified ID.
a. Press the ID Bits softkey to select the ID number 11 bits or 29 bits.
b. Press the Curr ID Byte softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the byte to be set.
c. Press the ID softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the ID.
ID - The oscilloscope will trigger on remote or data frames matching the specified ID.
a. Press the ID Bits softkey to select the ID number 11 bits or 29 bits.
b. Press the Curr ID Byte softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the byte to be set.
c. Press the ID softkey and then turn the Universal Knob to set the ID
ID+DATA - The oscilloscope will trigger on data frames matching the specified ID and
data.
a. Press the ID Bits softkey to select the ID number 11 bits or 29 bits.
b. Press the Curr ID Byte softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the byte to be set.
c. Press the ID softkey and then turn the Universal Knob to set the ID.
d. Press the Data softkey and then turn the Universal Knob to set the value of the first byte.
e. Press the Data softkey again to toggle between fields and then turn the Universal Knob
to set the value of the second byte.
Error -The oscilloscope will trigger when any form error or active error is encountered.
7. Press the Bus Configure softkey to enter the BUS CONFIG menu.
Press the Baud softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the baud rate that matches
your CAN bus signal. The CAN baud rate can be set to predefined baud rates from 5 kb/s
up to 1 Mb/s or a custom baud rate from 1 b/s to 1 Mb/s. If the desired baud rate is not
listed, select Custom on the Baud softkey. Press the Custom softkey and turn the
Universal Knob to set the desired baud rate.
Figure 78 - CAN trigger Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob scope triggers w Universal Knob 3 (Frame and Data ggers when a fram Ito the cted va Universal Knob
76
Example
The picture below triggers on ID, the ID is 14b2d4ff, and the baud rate is 100 kb/s:
LIN Triggering
LIN triggering can trigger on the rising edge at the Sync Break exit of the LIN single-wire bus signal
(that marks the beginning of the message frame), the Frame ID, or the Frame ID and Data.
A LIN signal message frame is shown below:
1. Press Setup to enter the trigger menu.
2. Press the Type softkey.
3. Turn the Universal Knob to select Serial and press the Protocol softkey to select LIN.
4. Press the Signal softkey to select source channel for the LIN SIGNAL and its threshold level.
5. Press the Source softkey and select the channel for the LIN signal.
6. Press the Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the LIN signal threshold
voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will become the trigger
level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
7. Press the key to return to the TRIGGER menu.
8. Press the Trigger Setting softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the trigger condition:
Break - The oscilloscope triggers when a start bit occurs.
ID (Frame ID) - The oscilloscope triggers when a frame with an ID equal to the selected
value is detected. Use the Universal Knob to select the value for the Frame ID.
ID + Data (Frame ID and Data) - The oscilloscope triggers when a frame with an ID and
data equal to the selected values is detected. Use the Universal Knob to select the value
for the ID, Data1 and Data2.
Data Error - The oscilloscope triggers when it detects data error.
1. Press the Bus Configure softkey to enter the BUS CONFIG menu.
Figure 78 - CAN trigger
55 the Bit Rate n the ct the baud rate that LIN bus Sign ate can be aud rates from 600 stom bau 0000‘ If is not listed, sele Universal Knob
77
2. Press the Bit Rate softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the baud rate that matches
your LIN bus signal. The LIN baud rate can be set to predefined baud rates from 600 to 19200
or a custom baud rate from 300 to 20000. If the desired baud rate is not listed, select Custom
on the Bit Rate softkey. Press the Custom softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the
desired baud rate.
Math ra Symbol Unit Addition or subtraction + or » V, A Multiplication * VAZ, AAZ or W (Volt-Amp) Division / Q, S, or None FFT FFT dBVrms, Vrms, dBArms, Arms Differentiation d/dt V/s or A/s Integration J'dt Vs or A5 Square root \l sqr(V) or sqr(A) Universal Knob Universal Knob U niversal Knob Universal Knob
78
6 Math Functions
The 2540C Series oscilloscopes support math operations between the analog channels and
reference waveforms, including addition ( + ), subtraction ( - ), multiplication ( * ), division ( / ),
FFT, differentiation ( d/dt ), integration (∫dt), and taking the square root (√). The resulting math
waveform is displayed in white and labeled with the letter M at the left of the screen.
6.1 Math Operations and Their Units
Use the channel function menu (page 2) to set the unit of each channel to V or A. The
oscilloscope’s math operations are:
Math Operation
Symbol
Unit
Addition or subtraction
+ or -
V, A
Multiplication
*
V∧2, A∧2 or W (Volt-Amp)
Division
/
Ω, S, or None
FFT
FFT
dBVrms, Vrms, dBArms, Arms
Differentiation
d/dt
V/s or A/s
Integration
∫dt
Vs or As
Square root
√
sqr(V) or sqr(A)
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division require two waveforms. FFT, differentiation,
integration, and taking the square root operate on a single waveform.
6.2 Addition and Subtraction
When you select addition or subtraction, The Source A and Source B values are added or
subtracted point-by-point and the result is displayed.
1. Press the Math button to enter the MATH menu.
2. Press the Operation softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select + or -.
3. Press the Source A and Source B softkeys and use the Universal Knob to select the two
sources to add or subtract. The analog channels and the reference waveforms (REF) can be
used as sources.
4. The Invert softkey is available to invert the result.
5. Press the Scale softkey and turn the Universal Knob to scale the V/div.
6. Press the Position softkey and turn the Universal Knob to move the result’s vertical position.
Note: If the analog channels used with the math function are truncated (waveforms do not display
on the screen completely), the resulting math waveform will also be truncated.
e Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob
79
6.3 Multiplication and Division
When you select multiplication or division, the Source A and Source B values are multiplied or
divided point-by-point and the result is displayed. Division by a waveform that passes through
zero can result in positive or negative spikes in the graph.
1. Press the Math button to enter the MATH menu.
2. Press the Operation softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select * or / to multiply or divide.
3. Press the Source A and Source B softkeys and turn the Universal Knob to select the two
sources for the math operation. The analog channels and reference waveforms can be used
as sources.
4. The Invert softkey is available to invert the result.
5. Press the Scale softkey and turn the Universal Knob to scale the V/div.
6. Press the Position softkey and turn the Universal Knob to move the result’s vertical position.
6.4 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)
The FFT operation is used to compute the fast Fourier transform of the analog input channels or
the reference waveforms. The FFT takes the digitized time record of the waveform and
transforms it to the frequency domain. When the FFT function is selected, the FFT spectrum is
plotted on the oscilloscope display as magnitude in dBVrms or Vrms (or corresponding current
units) versus frequency. The readout for the horizontal axis changes from time to frequency
(Hertz).
Some uses of the FFT operation are:
• Measure harmonic components and distortion in a system.
• Measure the noise characteristics of DC power.
• Analyze vibration.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of a filter.
To display a FFT waveform
1. Press the Math button to open the MATH menu.
2. Press the Operation softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select FFT. The resulting FFT
waveform is displayed in white.
3. Press the Source softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the source for the FFT
operation. The analog channels can be used as the source.
4. Press the Window softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select an appropriate window.
Note: Spectral leakage can be decreased when the proper window function is used. The
oscilloscope provides four kinds of FFT window functions which have different characteristics and
are applicable to different waveforms. Please read the table below to make an appropriate
window choice.
Characteristics Applications Rectangle The best frequency Transient or short pulses. Sine Hanning Better frequency resolution; Sine, periodic and narrow band Hamming Somewhat better frequency Transient or short pulse, the signal Blackman The best amplitude Single frequency signal, search for U niversal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob or turn the Universal Knob Un' ersal Knob
80
Window
Characteristics
Applications
Rectangle
The best frequency
resolution, but the poorest
amplitude resolution. Similar
to when no window is
applied.
Transient or short pulses. Sine
waveform with the same amplitude
and rather similar frequencies. Wide
band random noise with relatively
slowly changing waveform spectrum.
Hanning
Better frequency resolution;
poorer amplitude resolution.
Sine, periodic and narrow band
random noise.
Hamming
Somewhat better frequency
resolution than Hanning.
Transient or short pulse, the signal
levels before and after the
multiplication are rather different.
Blackman
The best amplitude
resolution; the poorest
frequency resolution.
Single frequency signal, search for
higher order harmonics.
Table 7 - FFT window instructions
5. Press the Center softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the frequency of the center
vertical line.
6. Press the Hz/div softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the vertical range of the display.
7. Press the FFT Zoom softkey and turn the Universal Knob or turn the horizontal scale knob to
select the desired magnification (1X, 2X, 5X, 10X). Set the FFT Zoom to a higher magnification
to see more details of the FFT waveform.
8. Press the Scale softkey to select the units per division for the vertical axis. The units of the
vertical axis can be dBVrms (logarithmic) or Vrms (linear). If you need to display the FFT
frequency spectrum with a large dynamic range, dBVrms is recommended.
9. Press the Reference Level softkey and turn the Universal Knob to adjust the position of the
FFT's vertical position.
10. Press the Unit softkey and turn the Universal Knob to display with a Vrms (linear) or dBVrms
(logarithmic) vertical scale.
11. Press the Display softkey to select Split, Full Screen, and Exclusive display mode.
Split: the source channel and the FFT operation results are displayed separately. The time
domain and frequency domain signals are displayed on separate portions of the screen.
Full Screen: the source channel and the FFT operation results are displayed in the same
window to view the frequency spectrum more clearly and to perform more precise
measurements.
Exclusive: only the FFT operation results are displayed in full screen.
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81
Table 8 - FFT waveform in split mode
6.5 Differentiation
The differentiation operation (d/dt) calculates the discrete time derivative of the source
waveform:
di = approximation to the derivative at the ith point
y = data point from the source channel
i = data point index
Δt = point-to-point time difference
The dx softkey under d/dt math function operation menu shows the point-to-point time
difference, and it is adjustable from 0.02 divisions to 0.40 divisions. Since the oscilloscope has 50
pixels per division, the number of samples in Δt is 50*dx. Higher values of dx reduce the noise
that is an artifact of numerical differentiation but will reduce the calculated slope at
discontinuities. Conversely, lower values of dx increase the noise but represent slopes at
discontinuities better. If the signal is periodic, averaging the waveform may help reduce noise.
82
Figure 79 - Differentiation function
You can use the differentiation function to measure the instantaneous slope of a waveform. For
example, the slew rate of an operational amplifier may be measured using the differentiation
function. Note your measured values will depend on your choice of dx.
6.6 Integration
The MATH operation ∫dt (integration) calculates the numerical integral of the selected source.
∫dt calculates the integral of the waveform's data using the trapezoidal rule. The equation is:
∑
=
∆+=
n
0i
i0n ytcI
In = approximate numerical integral of waveform with respect to time
co = arbitrary constant
Δt = point-to-point time difference
yi = sampled data point of selected analog channel or reference waveform
i = data point index
The integration menu provides an Offset softkey that lets you set a DC offset correction for the
input signal. Small DC offsets in the integration function input (or even small oscilloscope
calibration errors) can cause the displayed integrated waveform output to ramp up or down. This
offset correction helps you level the integrated waveform.
Cw)! um _, r,
83
Figure 80 - Integral without offset
Figure 81 - Integral with offset
Like the other math functions, the Scale and Position softkeys are supplied to enlarge or reduce
the displayed waveform's amplitude and position it vertically on the screen.
Press the Gate softkey to open the Gate menu. Use the cursors to limit or gate which section of
the waveform gets integrated.
‘rlfh , Mn Bx- AM] Hurry 1 ‘ Tm > v ‘ ‘ u :u‘ mm 5 function calculatesthe sq negative are set to zero. F' we 83 - Square root
84
Figure 82 - Integrate gate function
6.7 Square Root
This function calculates the square root of the selected source. Points where the waveform's data
are negative are set to zero.
Figure 83 - Square root
Ilines on splay tha current, ersal Knob
85
7 Cursors
Cursors are horizontal and vertical lines on the display that let you measure voltage/current, and
time values on a waveform. Press Cursors and the Mode softkey to toggle between Manual and
Track mode.
7.1 Manual
Manual cursor mode enables the cursors to be moved anywhere on the screen.
1. Use the Source softkey to choose the waveform to measure. CH1, CH2, MATH, REF A, or REF
B
2. Choose one of the following softkeys:
a) for vertical cursors.
b) for horizontal cursors.
c) for both vertical and horizontal cursors.
3. The second positioned softkey is used to select which cursor to set with the Universal Knob.
Select between X1, X2, and X2-X1 when vertical cursors are activated. X2 has bigger vertical
dashes than X1. Select between Y1, Y2, and Y2-21 when horizontal cursors are activated. Y2
has bigger horizontal dashes than Y2.
4. The cursor measurements are automatically updates on the right of the screen.
The following figure shows the time cursors X1 and X2 being used to measure a pulse width:
Universal Knob.
86
Figure 84 - Measure pulse width
When the X2 - X1 mode is selected, the two cursors could be moved together to the previous or
following pulse to compare their widths against that of the middle pulse.
7.2 Track
Track restricts the cursors to move along the source signal. This allows for quick cursor placement.
X1 and X2 can have difference sources.
1. Use the X1 Source softkey to choose which waveform X1 will track. CH1, CH2, MATH, REF A,
or REF B
2. Use the X2 Source softkey to choose which waveform X2 will track. CH1, CH2, MATH, REF A,
or REF B
3. The second positioned softkey is used to select which cursor to set with the Universal Knob.
Select between X1, X2, and X2-X1. X2 has bigger vertical dashes than X1. Move the cursor
along the horizontal axis and the vertical axis is automatically updated.
4. The cursor measurements are automatically updates on the right of the screen.
and turn th Universal Knob Universal Knob wnum vanum man I I Fr l man I own I mu we mum am mmunum «as a Noie: Ifthe parameter is unable to be measured, it will display as *m,
87
8 Auto Measurement
The oscilloscope measures 36 waveform parameters and can present statistics on up to five of
these parameters. These measurements are voltage, time and delay parameters.
To set up the measurement function:
1. Press Measure to enter the MEASURE menu.
2. If desired, press the Clear softkey to remove any existing measurement parameters.
3. Press the Source softkey to choose the waveform to measure. CH1, CH2, MATH, REF A, or
REF B.
4. Press the Type softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired measurement
parameter(s). The trigger Level Knob can also be used to move the selection.
5. Press the Universal Knob to add the selected parameter to the list of five measurements to
be displayed.
6. Press the Type softkey to exit the parameter selection window.
The measurements will be arranged from left to right according to the selection order, first in,
first out.
Figure 85 - Selecting the measurement parameter
Note: If the parameter is unable to be measured, it will display as ****.
Un versal Knob Description The peaketorpeakvalue is the difference between Maximum and Minimum The Amplitude of a waveform is the difference between its Top and Base values. The Top of a waveform is the mode (most common value) ofthe upper part of the waveform, or if the mode is not well defined, the top is the same as Maximum. The Base of a waveform is the mode (most common value) of the lower part of the wave Minimum. Overshoot is distortion that follows a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude. ROV means rising edge overshoot and FOV means falling edge overshoot. Falling preishoot and rising preishool. Preishoot is distortion that precedes FPRE and a major edge tran cursors show whi reference point). +SR Slew rate on rising slope -SR Slew rate on falling slope
88
8.1 Type of Measurement
Press Type to open the menu of all possible measurements. Use the Universal Knob to select
which the desired parameters.
Voltage Measurements
Voltage measurements include 19 kinds of voltage parameter measurements as detailed in the
following table:
Type
Description
Peak-Peak
The peak-to-peak value is the difference between Maximum and Minimum
values.
Maximum
Maximum is the highest value in the waveform display.
Minimum
Minimum is the lowest value in the waveform display.
Amplitude
The Amplitude of a waveform is the difference between its Top and Base
values.
Top
The Top of a waveform is the mode (most common value) of the upper part
of the waveform, or if the mode is not well defined, the top is the same as
Maximum.
Base
The Base of a waveform is the mode (most common value) of the lower part
of the waveform, or if the mode is not well defined, the base is the same as
Minimum.
Mean
The arithmetic over the entire waveform.
Cycle mean
The arithmetic mean over the first cycle of the waveform
Stdev
Standard deviation of all data values
Cycle stdev
Standard deviation of all data values in the first cycle
RMS
The Root Mean Square voltage over the entire waveform.
Cycle RMS
The Root Mean Square voltage of the first cycle in the waveform.
FOV and ROV
Overshoot is distortion that follows a major edge transition expressed as a
percentage of Amplitude. ROV means rising edge overshoot and FOV means
falling edge overshoot.
FPRE and
RPRE
Falling pre-shoot and rising pre-shoot. Pre-shoot is distortion that precedes
a major edge transition expressed as a percentage of Amplitude. The X
cursors show which edge is being measured (edge closest to the trigger
reference point).
Level@Trigger
The voltage level of at the trigger point.
+SR
Slew rate on rising slope
-SR
Slew rate on falling slope
Table 9 - Voltage measurements
Description The time between the middle threshold points of two consecutive, liker polarity edges The time difference between the 50% threshold of a rising edge to the 50% threshold ofthe next falling edge of the pulse The time difference between the 50% threshold of a falling edge to the 50% threshold ofthe next rising edge of the pulse chann Description The time between the first rising edge of source 1 and the first rising edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level The time between the first rising edge of source 1 and the first falling edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level The time between the first falling edge of source 1 and the first rising edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
89
Time Measurements
Time measurements include 11 kinds of time measurements.
Type
Description
Period
The time between the middle threshold points of two consecutive, like-
polarity edges
Freq
The reciprocal of the period.
+ Width
The time difference between the 50% threshold of a rising edge to the 50%
threshold of the next falling edge of the pulse
- Width
The time difference between the 50% threshold of a falling edge to the 50%
threshold of the next rising edge of the pulse
Rise Time
The time for the signal amplitude to rise from 10% to 90%
Fall Time
The time for the signal amplitude to fall from 90% to 10%
BWidth
The duration of a burst over the entire waveform
+Duty
The ratio of the positive pulse width to the period
-Duty
The ratio of the negative pulse width to the period
Delay
Time from the trigger to the first transition at the 50% crossing
Time@Mid
Time from trigger of each transition at a specific level and slope
Delay Measurements
Delay measurements measure the time difference between two channels. There are 10 kinds of
delay measurements. To measure delay parameters, select the Type softkey in the MEASURE
menu and turn the CH1-CH2 box on (both channels must be displayed on the screen or this
selection will be grayed-out).
Type
Description
Phase
The phase difference between two channels
FRR
The time between the first rising edge of source 1 and the first rising edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
FRF
The time between the first rising edge of source 1 and the first falling edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
FFR
The time between the first falling edge of source 1 and the first rising edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
The time between the first falling edge of source 1 and the first falling edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level The time between the last rising edge of source 1 and the last rising edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level The time between the last rising edge of source 1 and the last falling edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level The time between the last falling edge of source 1 and the last rising edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level The time between the last falling edge of source 1 and the last falling edge of source 2 at the 50% voltage level mm mm mu IND:— atistics
90
FFF
The time between the first falling edge of source 1 and the first falling edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
LRR
The time between the last rising edge of source 1 and the last rising edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
LRF
The time between the last rising edge of source 1 and the last falling edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
LFR
The time between the last falling edge of source 1 and the last rising edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
LFF
The time between the last falling edge of source 1 and the last falling edge
of source 2 at the 50% voltage level
Skew
Time of source 1 edge minus time of nearest source 2 edge
8.2 Statistics
Press the Statistics softkey to show the statistics table for the parameters selected for display. A
measurement parameter must be selected for the statistics table to appear. Press the Clear
button to clear the statistics.
Figure 86 - Selected measurements and the table of statistics
8.3 Gate
The Gate softkey allows you to define a time window in which the measurements and statistics
are collected rather than using the whole waveform. Once in the Gate menu, press the Gate
softkey to turn the gate mode on. Two vertical white dotted cursors will appear. Their position
veform can be adj Un versal Knob‘ HE WI: Display/Persist
91
on the waveform can be adjusted by pressing the CursorA, CursorB, and CursorA-B softkeys and
turning the Universal Knob.
8.4 To Clear Measurement Parameters
Press the Clear softkey to clear all the measurement parameters and statistics that are displayed
on the screen.
8.5 All Measure
The All Measure softkey displays 30 parameters in a display box for the channel indicated in the
upper left-hand corner. To make this measurement, follow these steps:
1. Press the Measure button to enter the MEASURE menu.
2. Press the All Measure softkey to select On.
Figure 87 - All Measurement parameters
9 Display Settings
This chapter shows how to adjust the display type, color, persistence, grid type, waveform
intensity, grid brightness and transparency.
Display Type
Press the Display/Persist button on the front panel, and then press the Type softkey to select
Vectors or Dots display type.
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92
Vectors: the sample points are connected by lines. This gives the illusion of a continuous
function. This helps when reading values off the screen or using cursors, especially for
waveforms with sharp edges like square waves.
Dots: display the sample points as dots. You can use the cursor to measure the X and Y values
of the sample point.
Figure 88 - Vectors display
93
Figure 89 - Dots display
Color-Grade
Color-Grade mode uses color in the displayed waveform to show which values are most frequent
in the waveform sample. Normally, display intensity is varied to give you hints about the most-
frequent values. Color-Grade mode instead uses color to represent the relative frequency of
voltage or current values appearing in the waveform (it is similar to a histogram).
Colors near red have the highest relative frequency and colors near blue have the lowest. For
signals with random noise, Color-Grade mode is useful in helping you qualitatively understand
the stochastic nature of the signal being measured.
The intermediate colors are ordered similarly to the spectrum of white light:
Figure 90 - Color to relative frequency relation
To enable the Color-Grade mode:
1. Press the Display button on the front panel.
Highest frequency of occurrence
Lowest frequency of occurrence
Display/Persis Universal Knob ion menu and p Clear Sweeps
94
2. Press the Color-Grade softkey.
3. Set the option to On to turn on the color grade feature.
Persistence
With persistence, the oscilloscope updates the display with new traces, but does not immediately
erase the previous traces. Previous traces are displayed with reduced intensity. New acquisitions
are shown in their normal color with normal intensity. After a set amount of display time, the
oldest traces are erased unless the display time is set to infinite.
To turn persistence on and off:
1. Press the Display/Persist button to enter the DISPLAY menu.
2. Press the Persist softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired option.
Off: turn off persistence.
Variable persistence: Traces remain on the screen for 1, 5, 10, or 30 seconds.
Infinite: Previous traces are not erased.
3. Press Clear Persist to erase previous results.
Figure 91 - Persistence set to infinite
Clear the Display
Press the Display/Persist button to enter the DISPLAY function menu and press the Clear Display
softkey to erase all waveforms displayed on the screen (the Clear Sweeps key also works).
Display/Persisn Universal Knob splay/Persisn Universal Knob splay/Persisn Universal Knob Display/Persisn
95
Grid Type
The grid (also called a graticule) is useful for making voltage, current, and time measurements
directly from the display. To choose the grid type:
1. Press the Display/Persist button to enter the DISPLAY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey.
3. Press the Grid softkey.
4. Turn the Universal Knob or press the Grid softkey repeatedly to select the desired grid type.
Display 14x8 grid type
Display 2x2 grid type
Display without grid
Grid Brightness
To adjust the grid brightness:
1. Press the Display/Persist button to enter the DISPLAY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey.
3. Press the Graticule softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value. The
default is 40% and the range is from 0% to 100%.
Waveform Intensity
To adjust the waveform intensity:
1. Press the Display/Persist button to enter the DISPLAY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey.
3. Press the Intensity softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value. The
default value is 50% and the allowed settings are from 1% to 100%. Note this adjustment only
affects the displayed analog channels, not the math or reference waveforms.
Transparency
The Transparency setting controls the transparency of message boxes.
To adjust the transparency:
1. Press the Display/Persist button to enter the DISPLAY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey.
Universal Knob
96
3. Press the Transparency softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value. The
default value is 80% and the range is from 20% to 80%.
97
10 Save and Recall
The Save/Recall button lets you store oscilloscope state information (Setups) and waveform
bitmaps and data to internal or external storage. The oscilloscope provides a USB Host interface
on the front panel to connect a USB device for external storage.
10.1 Save Type
Press Save to open the SAVE menu. Press Type to cycle through save types. The following save
types are supported:
Setups
This save type stores the oscilloscope's state in internal or external memory in a binary format.
External files will be of the form *.SET. Up to 20 setting files can be stored in internal memory.
Reference
This save type stores a reference waveform to external memory in a binary format. Press Source
to select CH1, CH2, or Math. External files will be of the form *.REF. When recalled, the reference
waveform data will be displayed on the screen.
Binary
The oscilloscope saves the waveform data to external memory in a binary format. External files
will be of the form *.BIN. Choose this save format to conserve space on the storage device.
Recalling the binary is not supported.
BMP (screen picture)
This save type is a bitmap image of the screen and can only be saved to external memory.
Recalling the image is not supported. External files will be of the form *.BMP. You can set the
file name and folder on the external storage device.
CSV
The oscilloscope saves the waveform data to external memory in comma-separate values format,
an ASCII plain-text format. The stored data contain the waveform data points of the displayed
analog channels and the important state parameters of the oscilloscope. Recalling the CSV is not
supported.
The option softkey Param Save is used to save the state parameters when it is set to On.
Note: Saving large waveforms may take a few minutes to save. Do not remove the USB device during
that time
yin *DAT format. an AS or other software. Rec U niversal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob
98
MATLAB
®
The oscilloscope saves the waveform data to external memory in *.DAT format, an ASCII plain-
text format. You can further analyze the data using MATLAB® or other software. Recalling the
DAT file is not supported. MATLAB® is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
10.2 Setup Internal Save and Recall
Save setup to internal memory
1. Press the Save/Recall button to enter the SAVE/RECALL menu.
2. Press the Save softkey to enter the SAVE menu.
3. Press the Type softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select Setups. Press the knob to
confirm.
4. Press the Save To softkey to select Internal to save the current setup of the oscilloscope
to internal memory.
5. Press the Setup softkey button and turn the Universal Knob to select the memory
location to save to. There are 20 internal locations that can be saved to.
6. Press the Save softkey to save the current setup to the selected location. After a few
seconds, a message will be displayed saying the operation was successful.
Load setup from internal memory
1. Press the Save/Recall button to enter the SAVE/RECALL menu.
2. Press the Recall softkey to enter the RECALL menu.
3. Press the Type softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select Setups. Press the knob to
confirm.
4. Press the Recall From softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select Internal. Press the
knob to confirm.
5. Press the Setup softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the location that you want
to recall.
6. Press the Press To Recall softkey to recall the setup. After a few seconds, a message will
be displayed saying the operation was successful.
10.3 External save and recall
Before using external storage save and recall, make sure a USB storage device is connected. All
file types are available for external save. Only setups and references are available for external
recall.
External Save
1. Press the Save/Recall button to enter the SAVE/RECALL menu.
Note: To delete a setup file in memory, save a new setup to the same location to overwrite it.
e Universal Knob e Universal Knob Universal Knob.
99
2. Press the Save softkey.
3. Press the Type softkey to select the type of data you want to save.
4. Press the Save To softkey and select External.
5. Press the Press To Save softkey and use the Universal Knob to select the desired location.
a) Press the Universal Knob to enter a subfolder when one is selected. Select UP to go
back to the parent directory (UP is only seen when you're in a subfolder).
6. Press the New softkey to create a new file or directory name.
7. Press the Press To Save softkey to save to the indicated file name. A success/failure
message will be displayed when finished.
Figure 92 - Saving a file to a USB flash drive
Recall an external file
1. Press the Save/Recall button to enter the SAVE/RECALL menu.
2. Press the Recall softkey.
3. Press the Type softkey to select setups or reference waveform.
4. Press the Recall From softkey until it displays External.
5. Navigate to the file with the Universal Knob.
6. Press the Press To Recall softkey. A success/failure message will be displayed when the
operation is finished.
7. Turn the Universal Knob to select the file to be recalled, press the Load softkey to recall
the waveform or setup.
10.4 File Management
File management is used in save and recall operations after the oscilloscope is connected to an
external USB storage device. Before using an external storage device, make sure it is connected
correctly.
ftkey and Universal Knob Figure 93 - Input Keyboard nt of the cu Universal Knob
100
The following operations can be done through the file management menu:
• Create a new file or folder
• Delete a file or folder
• Rename a file or folder
Create a New File or Folder
This operation is only valid for external storage. The file name or folder name can contain letters,
numbers, underscores and spaces. Let’s use an example to introduce how to create a file or
folder.
Example: create a folder named “BK2540ab”.
1. Press the Save/Recall button to enter the SAVE/RECALL menu.
2. Press the Save softkey.
3. Press the Type softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the type of save (if you select
Setups, press the Save To softkey until it reads External). Since we're creating a folder, the
type isn't important.
4. Press the Press To Save softkey to enter the file/folder dialog.
5. Press the New softkey to open the file/folder dialog. Press the Modify softkey until it reads
Directory (i.e., folder).
6. Use the interface shown in the picture below. It divides into two parts: the name input area
and keyboard area. The default is name input area.
7. To delete a character in front of the cursor, press the Delete softkey. To delete a character
behind the cursor, press the Backspace softkey.
8. To input a new name, press the Switch To softkey to switch to the keyboard area.
9. Turn the Universal Knob to move to a letter and press the knob to select the letter.
10. Press the Press To Save softkey to enter the file name. You will see a folder named BK2540ab.
Figure 93 - Input Keyboard
Name Input Area Keyboard Area Upper-lower Case Switch
then turn Universal Knob Universal Knob then turn Universal Knob
101
Delete a file or folder
This operation is only valid for external storage devices.
1. Press the Save/Recall button to enter the SAVE/RECALL menu.
2. Press the Save or Recall softkey to enter the SAVE/RECALL file system.
3. Press the Type softkey, and then turn the Universal Knob to select one of the type (if you've
select Setups, please set the Save To option to External).
4. Turn the Universal Knob to select the file or folder to be deleted and then press the Delete
softkey.
5. Press Confirm to finish deleting or Cancel to abort the operation.
Rename a file or a folder
This operation is only valid for external storage devices.
1. Press the Save/Recall button to open the SAVE/RECALL menu.
2. Press the Save or Recall softkey to enter the USB storage device interface.
3. Press the Type softkey, and then turn the Universal Knob to select one of the type (if you've
select Setups, please set the Save To option to External).
4. Press the Rename softkey and refer to the descriptions in the previous section to create a
new file name.
Security erase
This feature erases user-saved internal information such as setups and reference waveforms.
1. Press the Save/Recall button to open the SAVE/RECALL menu.
2. Press the Security Erase softkey.
3. Press the Confirm softkey to perform the erasing or Cancel to abort the operation.
102
11 Utility
The System Function menu allows the user to view system-related information and access
functionality such as system status, performing a self-calibration, sound, language, pass/fail
testing, configuring the I/O interfaces, updating the firmware and configuration, setting the
screen saver, and configuring optional features.
11.1 View the System Status
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the System Status softkey to view the system status of the oscilloscope. The system
status includes the information:
Startup Times: Number of times the oscilloscope has been powered on.
Software Version: Lists the current software version of the oscilloscope.
FPGA Version: Lists the current FPGA version of the oscilloscope.
Hardware Version: Lists the current hardware version of the oscilloscope.
Product Type: Gives the model number of the oscilloscope.
Serial No.: Lists the serial number of the oscilloscope.
Scope ID: Displays the oscilloscope identifier.
3. Press the Single button on the front panel to exit this screen.
11.2 Self Calibration
The self-calibration program lets the oscilloscope provide its most precise measurement values.
You can perform self-calibration at any time. A self-calibration is recommended when ambient
temperature has changed 5 °C or more. Make sure that the oscilloscope has been turned on for
more than 30 minutes before performing the self-calibration. It will take approximately 5 minutes
for the self-calibration to complete.
1. Remove all connections from all input channels.
2. Press the Utility button.
ss the DaSeIfCaIsoftkey and the oscilloscope will display a message box shown as follows: ’ "'l w ii: lil' Figure 94 - Do self cal e Universal Knob
103
3. Press the Do Self Cal softkey and the oscilloscope will display a message box shown as follows:
4. Disconnect all cables from the oscilloscope.
5. Press the Single button on the front panel to perform the self-calibration program. During
the calibration, most of the keys are disabled.
6. When the self-calibration program is finished, the unit will display the message “Press
Run/Stop key to exit”.
7. Press the Run/Stop button on the front panel to exit the calibration interface.
11.3 Sound
When sound is enabled, a sound will be heard when a function key or a menu softkey is pressed
or when a prompt message pops up.
To enable/disable sound:
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Sound softkey to turn the sound on or off.
11.4 Language
The oscilloscope supports multiple language menus, but only Chinese and English help and
prompt messages.
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Language softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired language. Push
the knob to select the language.
Figure 94 - Do self cal
nu “9m ll ' Figure 95 - Pass/Fail test act which param nlversal Kn
104
The languages available are Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, English, French, Japanese,
Korean, German, Spanish, Russian, Italian, and Portuguese.
11.5 Pass/Fail
One way to verify a waveform is within desired bounds is to use pass/fail testing. A pass/fail test
defines a region of the oscilloscope display in which the waveform must remain in order to pass
the test. Being within a specified-range is verified point-by-point across the display.
The test results can be displayed on the screen as well as be declared through the system sound
or a pulse output from the TRIG OUT connector on the rear panel. The Pass/Fail test only operates
on analog channels that are displayed.
Perform a Pass/Fail Test
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey to go to the second page of the UTILITY menu.
3. Press the Pass/Fail softkey to enter the PASS/FAIL menu.
4. Press the Enable Test softkey to show On to enable the pass/ fail test.
5. Press the Source softkey to select the desired channel.
6. Press the Mask Setting softkey to enter the MASK menu.
7. Press the Mask softkey to select which parameter to adjust (X for the time axis, Y for the
voltage/current axis). Use the Universal Knob to adjust it to the desired value (larger values
mean wider acceptance intervals). The range is from 0.02 div to 4 div.
Figure 95 - Pass/Fail test
f: The oscillos tected‘ The t tput from th ed wavefor e: To ena ast softk - - ll El
105
8. Press the Create Mask softkey to create the mask. Whenever the Create Mask softkey is
pressed the old mask is erased and a new mask is created.
9. Press the softkey to return to the PASS/FAIL menu.
10. Press the Msg Display to turn on or off the message display. When On is selected, the
cumulative test results will be displayed in the upper-right message box of the screen:
Figure 96 - Pass/fail message display
The parameters are
Fail: This parameter shows the number of times the oscilloscope has triggered and the
trace has gone outside of the mask area.
Pass: This parameter shows the number of times the oscilloscope has triggered and the
trace has stayed within the mask area.
Total: This parameter shows the number of times the oscilloscope has triggered. It is the
sum of the Pass and Fail parameters.
11. Press the Next Page softkey to go to the second page of the PASS/FAIL menu.
12. Press the Stop on Fail softkey to turn on or off the function.
On: When a failed waveform is detected, the oscilloscope will enter the STOP state. The
results of the test remain on the screen (if the display is turned on) and one pulse is
output from the PASS/FAIL BNC connector (if enabled) on the rear panel. The portions of
the failed waveform outside the masked area will be red.
Off: The oscilloscope will continue with the test even though failed waveforms are
detected. The test results on the screen will update continuously and a pulse will be
output from the PASS/FAIL BNC connector (if enabled) on the rear panel each time a
failed waveform is detected.
Note: To enable the output pulse, press Utility → Next Page → I/O → Aux Output until
the last softkey displays Pass/Fail.
13. Press the Output softkey to turn the PASS/FAIL test sound on or off.
: When failed waveforms are detected, a sound is emitted.
: When failed waveforms are detected, no sound is emitted.
14. Press the Next Page softkey to return to the first page of the PASS/FAIL menu.
15. Press the Operation softkey to perform the test:
: The testing state is stopped; press the softkey to start the test. The pass/fail
counters will reset when you press this button.
: The testing state is running; press the softkey to stop the test.
106
Save and Recall Test Mask
You can save the current test mask to internal memory or an external USB storage device. The
file format of the test mask file is *.RGU (it's a binary file).
Save a Test Mask
1. Press the Utility button on the front panel to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey to go to the second page of the UTILITY menu.
3. Press the Pass/Fail softkey to enter the PASS/FAIL menu.
4. Press the Enable Test softkey until it displays On.
5. Press the Source softkey to select the desired channel.
6. Press the Mask Setting softkey to enter the MASK menu.
7. Press the Location softkey to choose Internal or External.
8. Press the Save softkey to save the mask. If it is being saved, you'll be presented with a
file dialog box as in the External save and recall section.
Recall a Test Mask
Execute the previous steps except press the Load softkey instead of the Save softkey.
11.6 I/O Remote Communication
The oscilloscope provides a USB Device, LAN (local area network connection), and Auxiliary
Output I/O interfaces.
Communicating via USB
You can use the operation software or NI Visa programs to communicate with the oscilloscope.
Here's how to set the oscilloscope to communicate properly.
Follow these steps to set the oscilloscope to communicate with PC via USB:
1. Install the USBTMC device driver on the PC. We suggest you install NI Visa.
2. Connect the oscilloscope to the PC using a standard USB cable.
3. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
4. Press the I/O Set softkey to enter the I/O SET menu.
5. Press the USB Device softkey to select USBTMC.
6. The above applications should now be able to communicate with the oscilloscope.
Communicating via a LAN
Follow these steps to set the oscilloscope to communicate with a PC over a LAN:
1. Connect the oscilloscope to your LAN using a network cable.
2. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
Note: The internal memory can only save one test mask; saving a new test mask will overwrite the old one.
Figure 97 - LAN configuration interface Press the left-most softkey (the first softkey belowthe screen; the firmware calls it F1) continualiy Universal Knob Universal Knob
107
3. Press the I/O Set softkey to enter the I/O SET menu.
4. Press the LAN softkey to enter the LAN configuration interface:
Press the left-most softkey (the first softkey below the screen; the firmware calls it F1) continually
to go to the DHCP line; then turn the Universal Knob to select Enable or Disable.
Enable: the DHCP server in the current network will assign the network parameters (such
as the IP address) for the oscilloscope. The other settings are inactive.
Disable: you can manually set the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway address
manually.
Turn the Universal Knob to select the desired value.
Push the Universal Knob to set the displayed value and move right to the next value.
Press the F1 softkey to go to the next line.
Press the Save/Recall softkey to save the current settings.
Press the Single button to exit the setting interface.
5. Use the operation software or NI Visa to communicate with the oscilloscope over the LAN.
Figure 97 - LAN configuration interface
vmuawa-amvzsuc 4.4.». w“. mm m, Gen mm Q, Mmm.‘““v‘~{'” mm pm. i' 3" may mm “’ Hum-mm
108
Figure 98 - Virtual panel
Auxiliary Output
You can set the type of the signal output from the TRIGGER OUT (also labelled PASS/FAIL) BNC
connector on the rear panel.
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the I/O softkey to enter the I/O SET function menu.
3. Press the Aux Output softkey to select Trig Out or Pass/Fail. The default setup is Trig Out.
Trig Out: The oscilloscope outputs a positive-going pulse at each trigger event. The
maximum signal frequency will be 140 kHz.
Pass/Fail: The oscilloscope will output a pulse signal when failed waveforms are
detected.
The output pulse on the TRIGGER OUT BNC connector on the back will be nominally a 3.3 positive
pulse about 600 ns wide for each trigger event.
11.7 Update Firmware and Configuration
The firmware and configuration can be updated via the USB storage device. Follow these steps
to update the firmware:
1. Insert the USB flash drive containing the firmware file into the USB host connector on the
front panel.
2. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
3. Press the Next Page softkey twice to go to the third page of the UTILITY function menu.
4. Press the Update softkey to enter the UPDATE menu.
5. Press the Firmware softkey and you will see the message “Press ‘Single’ to continue and press
‘Run/Stop’ to exit!”.
Turn ersal Knob Universal Knob
109
6. Press the Single button to enter the SAVE/RECALL file system.
7. Turn the Universal Knob to select the update file (it should have an ADS suffix). Press the
Load softkey to start loading the new firmware. The process takes about 7 minutes.
IMPORTANT: Do not turn off the oscilloscope during this process or the oscilloscope will not
start again.
8. After finishing the update, the screen will display the message “Update success, please restart
the DSO”. The oscilloscope will make a buzzing sound.
9. Turn the power off and back on again to finish the firmware update.
Follow these steps to update the configuration:
1. Insert the USB flash drive containing the configuration file into the USB host interface on the
front panel of the oscilloscope.
2. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
3. Press the Next Page softkey twice to go to the third page of the UTILITY function menu.
4. Press the Update softkey to enter the UPDATE menu.
5. Press the Configure softkey to enter the SAVE/RECALL file system.
6. Turn the Universal Knob to select the configuration file which should have a CFG suffix and
press the Load softkey to start update the firmware. The process takes about 30 seconds.
7. After finishing the update, the screen will display the message “Update success, please restart
the DSO”. The oscilloscope will make a buzzing sound.
8. Turn the power off and back on again to finish the configuration update.
11.8 Perform a Self-test
Self-tests include a screen test, keyboard test, and LED test.
Screen Test
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey twice to go to the third page of the UTILITY function menu.
3. Press the Do Self Test softkey to enter the SELFTEST menu.
4. Press the Screen Test softkey to enter the screen test interface.
Figure 99 - Screen test
110
5. Press the Single button on the front panel repeatedly to see green, blue, and red again. The
different colors can show stains and scratches on the screen.
6. Press the Run/Stop button to exit the screen test program.
Keyboard Test
The keyboard test is used to check that the keys and the knob switches are working correctly.
Do the following steps to perform a keyboard test:
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey twice to go to the third page of the UTILITY function menu.
3. Press the Do Self Test softkey to enter the self-test function menu.
4. Press the Keyboard Test softkey to enter the keyboard test interface, as shown in the
following picture:
Figure 99 - Screen test
>1» ‘vuwlp‘l. ~ MW » .v Figure 100 - Keyboard Test
111
5. Press each key and knob. If the color of the associated screen box changes to blue, then the
button is working. Press the key again to verify it can change back to a gray color.
6. Turn the knobs left and right. The number inside the knob should change and the direction
annunciators should change to a blue color.
7. Press the Run/Stop button three times to exit the keyboard test program.
LED Test
The LED test is used to test that the lighted buttons work.
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey twice to go to the third page of the UTILITY function menu.
3. Press the Do Self Test softkey to enter the self-test function menu.
4. Press the Keyboard Test softkey to enter the keyboard test interface (it will appear the same
as the picture immediately above).
5. Press the Single button repeatedly to light up the different buttons. The associated button
on the screen image will also turn blue.
6. Press the Run/Stop button to exit the LED test program.
11.9 Screen Saver
When no controls on the oscilloscope are used for a period of time, the scope will enter the idle
state. You can choose to have the screen turn off (it will turn black) after a period of idle time if
the screen saver is enabled.
Do the following to set the screen saver time:
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
Figure 100 - Keyboard Test
Universal Knob Figure 101 - OPTION function menu Universal Knob
112
2. Press the Next Page softkey twice to go to the third page of the UTILITY function menu.
3. Press the Screen Saver softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired screen saver
time. The choices are 1 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour. Select Off to
turn off the screen saver.
4. After the screen saver activates, press the any button on the front to exit the screen saver
program.
11.10 Option Management
The oscilloscope provides multiple options to enhance your measurement abilities. Please
contact your sales representative or technical support to order the corresponding options. You
can view the options currently installed on the oscilloscope or activate the options using newly-
purchased option license codes using this menu.
Do the following steps to install the option on the oscilloscope:
1. Press the Utility button to enter the UTILITY menu.
2. Press the Next Page softkey twice to go to the third page of the UTILITY function menu.
3. Press the Options softkey to enter the OPTION function menu.
4. Press the Type softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the module to be installed. Push
down the knob to select.
5. Press the Install softkey to enter the LABEL menu to input the license string.
6. Press the Press To Install softkey to enter the LABEL menu to input the license string.
Figure 101 – OPTION function menu
w, m
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Figure 102 - LABEL function menu
7. Press the Information softkey to view the option information.
Figure 103 - Option information
12 Reference Waveforms
The oscilloscope can save analog channel or math waveforms to one of two reference waveform
locations in the oscilloscope. Later, a reference waveform can be displayed and compared to
other waveforms. Two reference waveforms can be displayed at a time.
Use the Scale and Offset softkeys in the REF WAVE menu to adjust the vertical scale and position
of the displayed reference waveform.
Universal Knob Universal Knob REF ss the Scale soft Universal Knob. Press the Offse Universal Knob
114
To Save a Reference Waveform to Internal Memory
1. Press the REF button to enter the REF WAVE menu. When the oscilloscope is in XY mode, the
REF button will not work.
2. Press the Source softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the source for reference
channel. The source includes the analog channels and math waveforms.
3. Press the Location softkey. This designates the internal storage location for the waveform.
The choices are REF A and REF B.
4. Press the Save softkey to save the waveform. The vertical scale information and the vertical
offset of the waveform will be saved at the same time. The message “Data store operation
completed successfully” will be displayed when the waveform has been saved successfully.
To Display a Reference Waveform
1. Press the REF button to enter the REF WAVE menu.
2. Press the Location softkey.
3. Turn the Universal Knob to select the storage location you want to display.
4. Press the Display softkey to select On to display the REF waveform on the screen. Only saved
locations will be displayed. The oscilloscope can display two reference waveforms at a time.
To Adjust the Reference Waveform Position
1. Press the REF button to enter the REF WAVE menu.
2. Press the Scale softkey and adjust the vertical scale factor of the reference waveform with
the Universal Knob.
3. Press the Offset softkey to adjust the vertical position of the reference waveform with the
Universal Knob.
The scale and position information display at the middle of the screen.
The initial values displayed at the middle of the screen are the setup when the reference
waveform been saved.
Note: The waveforms stored internally are in non-volatile memory.
Hmv'dx the oscillosc will be red n the stop op state.
115
Figure 104 - Reference waveform
To Clear the Reference Waveform
The oscilloscope does not have a Clear option under the REF WAVE menu. To clear a reference
waveform, you can save a new reference waveform to the reference waveform's storage
location.
13 History Function
When the oscilloscope is in the running state (the Run/Stop button is lit with a green color), the
waveforms from the input channels are continuously recorded to the instrument's memory. Each
trigger event's data is called a frame. When the acquisition memory is full of frames, the oldest
frame is dropped to make room for the newest frame. The history features of the oscilloscope
let you see these stored frames.
To use the history function, the oscilloscope must not be in XY mode (press the Acquire button
and ensure the XY softkey set to Off).
Do the following to replay a waveform's history:
1. Press the History button to enable the History function.
When the oscilloscope is in the run state, it will change to the stop state (the Run/Stop
button will be red).
When in the stop state and the history function is enabled, the oscilloscope will remain
in the stop state.
Press the History or Run/Stop buttons to turn off the history function (if you're not in
the HISTORY menu, you'll have to press the History button twice).
2. Press the List softkey to turn the list display on or off. The list displays the acquisition time of
each frame (the times are accurate to the microsecond).
‘ m ‘ m H y‘- -Em» 3 L“ L u u, ‘ new ‘m’ m ' me 105 - History Universal Knob theus frame.
116
Figure 105 - History
3. Press the Frame No. softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the frame to display.
The first number on the softkey is the displayed frame number and the second is the
largest frame number.
The largest frame number is determined by the current number of sampling points (Curr
value) and the sampling rate.
Enough time has to be allowed to fill the acquisition memory, otherwise the maximum
number of frames won't be reached.
4. Press the softkey to automatically play the waveforms from the current frame to frame
1.
5. Press the softkey to stop replay.
6. Press the softkey to automatically play the waveforms from the current frame to the
largest frame.
7. Set the Interval softkey to a value suitable to let you see the needed detail. This setting
controls the playback rate: divide the number of frames by this time to get the frames per
second display rate.
Th Sample Rate Curr (ptsJ Max‘ Frame Sample Rate Curr(pts) Max‘ Frame S 280 80000 35K 783 700 57227 70K 39 1 114K 33528 140K 195 218K 18338 350K 77 7K 7773 700K 38 14K 3982 1.4M 18 28K 1993 3.5M 6 70K 798 7M 3 140K 398 14M 1 280K 198 3.5K 3779 700K 78 7K 1891 114M 38 14K 945 218M 18 17.5K 757 7M 7 35K 378 14M 3 70K 188 35 80000 140K 93 70 77026 175K 74 140 65667 700K 17 350 45526 1.4M 8 700 29140 1.8M 6 114K 16945 3.5M 3 315K 75 10 7M 1 7K 39 12 14M 1 14K 1958
117
The following table gives the maximum number of frames based on the sampling rate and
Curr number of points:
Sample Rate
Curr (pts)
Max. Frame
Sample Rate
Curr (pts)
Max. Frame
1GSa/s
≤ 280
80000
500MSa/s
35K
783
700
57227
70K
391
1.4K
33528
140K
195
2.8K
18338
350K
77
7K
7773
700K
38
14K
3982
1.4M
18
28K
1993
3.5M
6
70K
798
7M
3
140K
398
14M
1
280K
198
≤250MSa/s
3.5K
3779
700K
78
7K
1891
1.4M
38
14K
945
2.8M
18
17.5K
757
7M
7
35K
378
14M
3
70K
188
500MSa/s
35
80000
140K
93
70
77026
175K
74
140
65667
700K
17
350
45526
1.4M
8
700
29140
1.8M
6
1.4K
16945
3.5M
3
3.5K
7510
7M
1
7K
3912
14M
1
14K
1958
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118
14 Default Setup
Press the Default button on the front to set the oscilloscope to the recall the factory setup. The
details show as below.
General Settings
Utility
Math Set ings Source A CH1 Source A CH1 Source A CH1 Source H CH1 Source B CH1 Source B CH1 Invert Off Invert Off Invert Off V/dlv 1.00 Vldlv V’d'V 1'00 V’d'v V/dlv 1.00 V"2/dlv offset 0v “56‘ 0 V offset 0 VAZ I FFT dldt Source CH1 Source A CH1 Source CH1 Window Hanning Source B CH1 Vertical Scale $3,8in Horizontal 1x Invert Off . V/div ‘LO/div Vertical Offset 0 Vertical Scale 20 dBVrms offset 0 dx 02 div Display Split Math l Thiesm'd j l 150V Horizontal Scale 100MHz dt 0 t Off pera S Source CH1 V REF Offset 0 Source 23:; . 1.00 v , Source CH1 Vertical Scale eve/div Vertical Scale Via/div Location REF A Display Off Vertical Offset 0 Vertical Offset 0 Decodin Se Decode 1 Serial IZC Display Off List Off Decode 2 Serial SPI Display Off List Off
119
Math Settings
Decoding Settings (Optional)
SPI UARTIR5232 CAN CLK CH1 RX CH1 CAN-H CH1 Threshold 1.60V Threshold 1.60V Threshold 1.60V Edge Select Rising TX CH2 CAN—L CH2 MISO CH2 Threshold 1.60V Threshold ‘l.60V Threshold 1.80V 3”“ 9500 EN” ‘00ka s MOSl CH1 Parity Check None Decode Source CANiH Threshold 1.80V 3m" B" 1 CS Type CS Idle Level Low CS CH2 Data Length 8 Idle Level Low Bit Order LSB Data Length 8 Wave Gen Square Sine Function Off Frequency 1 KHZ Frequency 1 KHz Wave Type Sine _ Ampllmde 4 VPP Amplitude 4 Vpp Output Load High-Z Offset o Vdc Offset o Vdc Duty 50% Pulse Noise Ramp Frequency 1 KHZ Stdev 443 "‘V Frequency 1 KHz Mean 0 mV Amplitude 4 Vpp Amplitude 4 Vpp Offset 0 Vdc Exp Rise . offset 0 Vdc Wldth 200i” Frequency 1 KHz Symmetry 50% Cardiac Amplitude 4 Vpp Frequency 1 KHz offset 0 Vdc Gauss Pulse Amplitude 4 Vpp Frequency 1 KHz EXP Fall Offset 0 Vdc _ Frequency 1 KHz DC Amplitude 4 Vpp Offset 0.0dec Offset o Vdc Amplitude 4 VPP Offset 0 Vdc
120
Arbitrary Waveform Generator
The oscilloscope provides IZC, SPI, UART/RSZ32, CAN and LIN serial trigger and decode. This chapter shows how to set and use these types of serial decoding. Serial bus decoding requires the license to be installed. To purchase a license key please fill out the license request form or visit the 2540C Series accessories Bagel Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob
121
15 Serial Bus Decoding (DC2540C)
The oscilloscope provides I2C, SPI, UART/RS232, CAN and LIN serial trigger and decode. This
chapter shows how to set and use these types of serial decoding. Serial bus decoding requires
the license to be installed. To purchase a license key, please fill out the license request form or
visit the 2540C Series accessories page.
15.1 I2C Serial Decode
Setup for I2C Signals
I2C (Inter-IC bus) signals setup consists of connecting two analog channels to the serial data (SDA)
line and the serial clock (SCL) line and specifying the input signal threshold voltage levels.
To set up the oscilloscope to capture I2C signals:
1. Press the Decode button to display the Decode menu.
2. Press the Decode softkey and select the desired slot: Decode 1 or Decode 2.
3. Press the Protocol softkey and select I2C with the Universal Knob and push the Universal
Knob to confirm.
4. Press the Signal softkey to enter the I2C SIGNAL menu.
Figure 106: I2C SIGNAL menu
5. For both the SCL (serial clock) and SDA (serial data) signals:
a. Connect an oscilloscope analog or digital channel to the signal on the device under test.
b. Press the SCL or SDA softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the channel for that
signal.
c. Press the corresponding Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the signal
threshold voltage level.
The threshold voltage level is used in decoding, and it will become the trigger level when the
trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
Data must be stable during the entire high clock cycle or it will be interpreted as a start or
stop condition (data transitioning while the clock is high).
I2C Serial Decode
To set up I2C serial decode:
1. Press the Decode button to display the Decode menu.
Figure 107: I2C decode menu
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2. Press the Address softkey to choose a 7-bit or 10-bit address size.
3. Press the Display softkey and choose On to display the decode line on the display.
4. Press the List softkey to enter the LIST menu.
5. Press the Display softkey and choose On to display the decode list on the display.
6. Press the Scroll softkey and the Lines softkey to set the position of the cursor and the line
number of the list with the Universal Knob. The range of Lines is 1 to 7.
Interpreting I2C Decode
Active waveforms show an active bus (inside a packet/frame).
Mid-level blue lines show an idle bus.
In the decoded hexadecimal data:
Address values appear at the start of a frame.
Write addresses appear in dark-green along with the "W" character.
Read addresses appear in yellow along with the "R" character.
Data values appear in white.
"A" indicates Ack (low), "~A" indicates No Ack (high).
Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient
space within frame boundaries.
Blue vertical bars indicate the horizontal scale should be expanded (and run again) to see
decode.
Figure 108 - I2C decode result
Universal Knob
123
Red dots in the decode line indicate that more data can be displayed. Scroll or expand the
horizontal scale to view the data.
Interpreting I2C Lister Data
In addition to the standard Time column, the I2C Lister contains these columns:
NO: frame number from left to right.
TIME: time for each frame.
ADDRESS: colored blue for writes, yellow for reads.
R/W: yellow R for read, dark green W for write and black X for missing.
DATA: data bytes.
15.2 SPI Serial Decode
The following order of operations should be followed to ensure that the trigger and decode
functions are properly set:
• Setup for SPI Signals
• SPI Decode
Setup for SPI Signals
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) signals setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a clock,
MOSI data, MISO data, and framing signal, then setting the threshold voltage level for each input
channel, and finally specifying any other signal parameters.
To set up the oscilloscope to capture SPI signals:
1. Press the Decode button to enter the DECODE menu.
2. Press the Decode softkey to select the desired slot (Decode 1 or Decode 2).
3. Press the Protocol softkey and select SPI with the Universal Knob and press the knob to
confirm.
4. Press the Signal softkey to enter the SPI SIGNAL menu.
Figure 109 - SPI SIGNAL menu
5. Press the CLK softkey to enter CLK (clock) menu.
Figure 110 - SPI CLK menu
In the SPI CLK menu:
a. Press the CLK softkey.
Un ersal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob Universal Knob
124
b. Turn the Universal Knob to select the channel connected to the SPI serial clock line.
c. Press the Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the clock signal
threshold voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will become
the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
d. Press the Edge Select softkey to select rising edge or falling edge for the selected clock
source. This determines which clock edge the oscilloscope will use to latch the serial data.
6. Press the softkey to return to the SIGNAL menu.
7. Press the MISO softkey to enter the SPI MISO menu.
In the MISO menu:
a. Press the MISO softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the channel that is
connected to a second SPI serial data line. If the channel selected is off, it should be
switched on. You can also select Disable.
b. Press the Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the MISO signal
threshold voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will become
the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
8. Press the softkey to return to the SIGNAL menu.
9. Press the MOSI softkey to enter the SPI MOSI menu.
Figure 111 - MOSI menu
In the MOSI menu:
a. Press the MOSI softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the channel that is
connected to a SPI serial data line. If the channel selected is off, it should be switched on.
You can also select Disable.
b. Press the Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the MOSI signal
threshold voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will become
the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
10. Press the softkey to return to the SIGNAL menu.
11. Press the CS softkey to open the SPI CS menu.
Figure 112 - SPI CS Menu
In the CS menu:
a. Press the Cs Type softkey to select a framing signal that the oscilloscope will use to
determine which clock edge is the first clock edge in the serial stream. You can set the
oscilloscope to trigger during a high chip select (CS), a low chip select (~CS), or after a
Timeout period during which the clock signal has been idle.
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125
If the framing signal is set to CS (or ~CS), the first clock edge seen after the CS (or
~CS) signal transitions from low to high (or high to low) is the first clock in the serial
stream.
Press the CS or ~CS softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the channel that is
connected to the SPI frame line. The label (~CS or CS) for the source channel is
automatically set from the Cs Type softkey's setting. The data pattern and the clock
transition must occur during the time when the framing signal is valid. The framing
signal must be valid for the entire data pattern.
If the framing signal is set to CLK Timeout, the oscilloscope generates its own internal
framing signal after it sees inactivity on the serial clock line.
CLK Timeout: Select Clock Timeout in the Cs Type softkey. Select the Limit softkey
and turn the Universal Knob to set the minimum time that the Clock signal must be
idle (i.e., no transitions) before the oscilloscope will search for the Data pattern on
which to trigger. The Limit value can be set from 100 ns to 1 s.
b. Press the Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the chip select signal
threshold voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding. It will become
the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
12. Press the Bit Order softkey to set the bit order to LSB or MSB according to the input signal.
SPI Serial Decode
To set up SPI serial decode:
1. Press the Decode button to display the DECODE menu.
Figure 113 - SPI DECODE menu
2. Press the Data Length softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the number of bits in the
SPI decoded data.
3. Press the Display softkey and choose On to display the decode line on the display.
4. Press the List softkey to enter the LIST menu.
5. Press the Display softkey and choose Decode 1 or Decode 2 to display the decode list on the
display.
6. Press the Scroll softkey and the Lines softkey to set the position of the cursor and the number
of lines in the list with the Universal Knob. The range of the Lines setting is 1 to 7.
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126
Interpreting SPI Decode
Active waveforms show an active bus inside a packet/frame.
Mid-level blue lines show an idle bus.
The number of clocks in a frame appears in light blue above and to the right of the frame.
Decoded hexadecimal data values appear in white.
Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient space
within frame boundaries.
Pink vertical bars indicate you need to expand the horizontal scale (and run again) to see
decode.
Red dots in the decode line indicate that there is data that is not being displayed. Scroll or
expand the horizontal scale to view the information.
Aliased bus values (under-sampled or indeterminate) are drawn in pink.
Unknown bus values (undefined or error conditions) are drawn in red.
Interpreting SPI Lister Data
In addition to the standard Time column, the SPI List contains these columns:
NO: frame number from left to right.
TIME: time for each frame.
MISO: Data for MISO decode.
MOSI: Data for MOSI decode.
Figure 114 - SPI DECODE menu
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127
15.3 UART/RS232 Serial Decode
The following order of operations should be followed to ensure that the trigger and decode
functions are set correctly:
• Setup for UART/RS232 Signals
• UART/RS232 Decode
Setup for UART Signals
To set up the oscilloscope to capture UART signals:
1. Press the Decode button to turn on the DECODE menu.
2. Press the Decode softkey and select the desired slot (Decode 1 or Decode 2).
3. Press the Protocol softkey and select UART with the Universal Knob and push it to confirm.
4. Press the Signal softkey to enter the UART/RS232 SIGNAL menu.
Figure 115 - UART SIGNAL menu
5. For both the RX and TX signals:
a. Connect an oscilloscope channel to the appropriate signal on the device under test.
b. Press the RX or TX softkeys to select the channel for the signal.
c. Press the corresponding Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the
signal's threshold voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will
become the trigger level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
The threshold can be set from -4.5 to 4.5 volts.
d. Press Bit Order softkey to select between least significant bit (LSB) and most significant
bit (MSB) order.
6. Press the softkey to return to the DECODE menu.
7. Press the Configure softkey to open the BUS CONFIG menu. Set the following parameters.
Figure 116 - BUS CONFIG menu
Baud: Press the Baud softkey, then press the Universal Knob and select a baud rate to
match the signal in your device under test. If the desired baud rate is not listed, select
Custom on the Baud softkey and press the Custom softkey. Turn the Universal Knob to
set the desired baud rate. The maximum baud rate is 50,000,000.
Parity Check: Choose Odd, Even, or None, based on your device under test.
Stop Bit: Set the number of stop bits in the UART/RS232 words to match your device
under test.
d the Lines softk ersal Knob :[C; a:
128
Idle Level: Select if the idle level between transmissions is LOW or HIGH.
Data Length: Set the number of bits in the UART/RS232 words to match your device
under test (selectable from 5 to 8 bits).
UART Serial Decode
To set up UART serial decode:
1. Press the Decode button to display the DECODE menu.
Figure 117 - UART/RS232 DECODE menu
2. Press the Display softkey and choose On to display the decode line on the display.
3. Press the List softkey to enter the LIST menu.
4. Press the Display softkey and choose On to display the decode list on the display.
5. Press the Scroll softkey and the Lines softkey to set the position of the cursor and the line
number of the list with the Universal Knob. The range of Lines is from 1 to 7.
Figure 118 - UART decode example
Interpreting UART/RS232 Decode
Active waveforms show an active bus (inside a packet/frame).
Mid-level blue lines show an idle bus.
Mid-level red lines show that the idle level is wrong.
The decoded data is displayed in white.
Press t Universal Knob. Universal Kno-
129
Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient space
within frame boundaries.
Blue vertical bars indicate the need to expand the horizontal scale (and run again) to see
decode.
When the horizontal scale setting does not permit the display of all available decoded data,
red dots will appear in the decoded bus to mark the location of hidden data. Expand the
horizontal scale to allow the data to display.
An unknown (undefined) bus is shown in red.
Interpreting UART/RS232 Lister Data
In addition to the standard Time column, the UART/RS232 Lister contains these columns:
RX: Receive data.
TX: Transmit data.
RX err: Parity error or unknown error when receiving data.
TX err: Parity error or unknown error when transmit data.
15.4 CAN Serial Decode
The following order of operations should be followed to ensure that the trigger and decode
functions are set correctly:
• Setup for CAN Signals
• CAN Decode
Setup for CAN Signals
The setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a CAN signal and using the SIGNAL menu to
specify the signal source, threshold voltage level, baud rate, and sample point.
To set up the oscilloscope to capture CAN signals:
1. Press the Decode button to enter the DECODE menu.
2. Press the Decode softkey and select the desired slot (Decode 1 or Decode 2).
3. Press the Protocol softkey and select CAN by turning the Universal Knob. Push the Universal
Knob to confirm the selection.
4. Press the Signal softkey to enter the CAN SIGNAL menu.
Figure 119 - CAN SIGNAL menu
5. Press the CAN-H or CAN-L softkeys and select the channel for the CAN signal.
6. Press the Threshold softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the CAN signal threshold
voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will become the trigger
level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
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130
7. Press the key to return to the DECODE menu.
8. Press the Configure softkey to enter the BUS CONFIG menu.
Figure 120 - DECODE CONFIG menu
9. Press the Baud softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the baud rate that matches your
CAN bus signal. The CAN baud rate can be set to predefined baud rates from 5 kb/s up to 1
Mb/s or a custom baud rate from 1 b/s to 1 Mb/s. If the desired baud rate is not listed, select
Custom on the Baud softkey. Press the Custom softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set
the desired baud rate.
10. Press the Decode Source softkey to set the decoding matching source:
CAN_H: The actual CAN_H differential bus.
CAN_L: The actual CAN_L differential bus signal.
CAN_H-CAN_L: The CAN differential bus signals connected to an analog source channel
using a differential probe. Connect the probe's positive lead to the dominant-high CAN
signal (CAN_H) and connect the negative lead to the dominant-low CAN signal (CAN_L).
CAN Serial Decode
To set up CAN serial decode, follow these steps:
1. Press the Decode button to display the DECODE menu.
2. Press the Display softkey and choose On to display the decode line on the display.
3. Press the List softkey to enter the LIST menu.
4. Press the Display softkey and choose Decode 1 or Decode 2 to display the decode list on the
display. You can also select Off.
5. Press the Scroll and Lines softkeys to set the position of the cursor and the line number of
the list with the Universal Knob. The range of Lines is 1 to 7.
The picture below triggers on ID, the ID is 0x013
Figure 121 -CAN Decode
131
Interpreting CAN Decode
Data bytes appear in hex digits in white.
A CRC (cyclic redundancy check) appears in hex digits in blue when valid or in red to indicate
that the oscilloscope's hardware decode calculated a CRC that is different from the incoming
data stream's stated CRC.
Angled waveforms show an active bus (inside a packet/frame).
Mid-level blue lines show an idle bus.
Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient space
within frame boundaries.
Pink vertical bars indicate you need to expand the horizontal scale (and run again) to see
decode.
Red dots in the decode line indicate that there is data that is not being displayed. Scroll or
expand the horizontal scale to view the information.
Aliased bus values (under-sampled or indeterminate) are drawn in pink.
Interpreting CAN Lister Data
In addition to the standard Time column, the CAN Lister contains these columns:
NO: frame number from left to right.
Type: R indicates remote frame and D indicates data frame.
ID: frame ID.
Length: Data length code.
Data: Data for CAN decode.
CRC: Cyclic redundancy check.
Ack: Indicates the signal has Ack.
Figure 121 -CAN Decode
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132
15.5 LIN Serial Decode
The following order of operations should be followed to ensure that the trigger and decode
functions are set correctly:
• Setup for LIN Signals
• LIN Decode
Setup for LIN Signals
LIN (Local Interconnect Network) signal setup consists of connecting the oscilloscope to a serial
LIN signal, specifying the signal source, threshold voltage level, baud rate, sample point, and
other LIN signal parameters.
To set up the oscilloscope to capture LIN signals:
3. Press the Decode button to turn on the DECODE menu.
4. Press the Decode softkey and select the desired slot (Decode 1 or Decode 2).
5. Press the Protocol softkey and select LIN with the Universal Knob and push the Universal
Knob to confirm.
6. Press the Signal softkey to enter the LIN SIGNAL menu.
Figure 122 - LIN SIGNAL menu
7. Press the Source softkey and select the channel for the LIN signal.
8. Press the Threshold softkey and urn the Universal Knob to select the LIN signal threshold
voltage level. The threshold voltage level is used in decoding and it will become the trigger
level when the trigger type is set to the selected serial decode slot.
9. Press the key to return to the DECODE menu.
10. Press the Configure softkey to enter the BUS CONFIG menu.
11. Press the Baud softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the baud rate that matches your
LIN bus signal. The LIN baud rate can be set to predefined baud rates from 600 to 19200 or a
custom baud rate from 300 to 20000. If the desired baud rate is not listed, select Custom on
the Baud softkey. Press the Custom softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the desired
baud rate.
LIN Serial Decode
To set up LIN serial decode:
1. Press the Decode button to display the DECODE menu.
Figure 123 - LIN DECODE menu
Un versal Knob Figure 124 - LIN DECODE example
133
2. Press the Display softkey and choose On to display the decode lines on the display.
3. Press the List softkey to enter the LIST menu.
4. Press the Display softkey and choose Off, Decode 1, or Decode 2.
5. Press the Scroll and Lines softkeys to set the position of the cursor.
6. Press the Lines softkey and turn the Universal Knob to determine the number of lines in the
list. The range of Lines is 1 to 7.
7. Press the Format softkey and the following choices will be available:
• Binary
• Decimal
• Hex
• ASCII
Fi
8. Press the key to return to the DECODE menu.
Interpreting LIN Decode
Angled waveforms show an active bus (inside a packet/frame).
Mid-level blue lines show an idle bus.
The hexadecimal ID and parity bits (if enabled) appear in yellow. If a parity error is detected,
the hexadecimal ID and parity bits (if enabled) appear in red.
Decoded hexadecimal data values appear in white.
Figure 124 - LIN DECODE example
This chapter describes how to use the digital channels of a Mixed»Single Oscilloscope (M50) The digital channels are enabled on the 254XC series oscilloscopes that have installed the M50 license. To purchase a license key please fill out the license request form or visit the 2540C Series accessories page
134
Decoded text is truncated at the end of the associated frame when there is insufficient space
within frame boundaries.
Pink vertical bars indicate you need to expand the horizontal scale (and run again) to see
decode.
Red dots in the decode line indicate that there is data that is not being displayed. Scroll or
expand the horizontal scale to view the information.
Unknown bus values (undefined or error conditions) are drawn in red.
Interpreting LIN Lister Data
In addition to the standard Time column, the LIN Lister contains these columns:
ID: Frame ID.
Data: Data bytes.
Data Length: Length of data.
ID Check: ID parity error.
Data Check: Data error.
16 Digital Channels (LA2540C + LP2540C)
This chapter describes how to use the digital channels of a Mixed-Single Oscilloscope (MSO). The
digital channels are enabled on the 254XC series oscilloscopes that have installed the MSO
license. To purchase a license key, please fill out the license request form or visit the 2540C Series
accessories page.
16.1 Connecting Digital Probes to Device under Test
To connect the digital probes to the device under test:
1. Turn off the power supply to the device under test. This can prevent damage that
could occur if two lines are shorted together while making connections. The
oscilloscope does not have any voltage at the probes.
2. Connect the digital probe cable LP2540C to the digital channels connector D0-D15 on
the front panel of the 2540C. The digital probe cable is keyed so you can connect it
only one way. You do not need to power-off the oscilloscope. The two ports of the
digital probe cable are the same, they do not have a specific orientation to connect
them to the LP2540.
3. Connect a SMD Mini-grabber test clip to one of the digital ground pins of the probe
and then connect the grabber to ground in the device under test. This will improve
the signal fidelity and makes sure the oscilloscope gives accurate measurements.
4. Connect a flying lead probe to one of the digital probe digital channel pins; connect
a grabber to the flying lead probe, and then connect the grabber to a node in the
circuit you wish to test.
135
Figure 125 - Connecting digital probes
5. Repeat step 4 until you have connected all points of interest.
16.2 Acquiring Digital Waveforms
Press the Digital button to open the digital channels and start acquiring digital channel
waveforms.
For digital channels, each time the oscilloscope takes a sample, it compares the input voltage to
the logic threshold. If the voltage is above the threshold, the oscilloscope stores a 1 in the sample
memory; otherwise, it stores a 0.
16.3 Displaying Digital Channels
1. Press the Digital button on the front panel to open the DIGITAL function menu.
Figure 126 - Digital function menu
2. Press the Channel Height softkey to select Low, Middle, or High display type. This control lets
you spread out or compress the digital traces vertically on the display for more convenient
viewing. The compressed display is useful for displaying digital and analog signals together.
Low is only available when a single Channel Group is enabled.
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Figure 128 - Channel Height: Middle
Figure 129 - Channel Height: High
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137
16.4 Turning a Single Digital Channel On or Off
1. Press the Digital button on the front panel to open the DIGITAL menu.
2. Press the ChannelControl softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select the desired channel
number. Press the ChannelControl softkey to turn the selected channel on and off (you can
also press the Universal Knob to do this).
16.5 Turning All Digital Channels On or Off
1. Press the Digital button to open the DIGITAL menu.
2. Press the Channel Group softkey to select to select which set of eight digital channels to turn
on or off (D0 to D7 or D8 to D15). Using the Universal Knob, set the arrow to the set you wish
to turn on or off, then press either the Channel Group softkey or the Universal Knob to toggle
the state.
16.6 Changing the Logic Threshold for Digital Channels
1. Press the Digital button to open the DIGITAL menu.
2. Press the Thresholds softkey to enter the THRESHOLDS menu.
3. Press the D0~D7 softkey and turn the Universal Knob to select a logic family preset or select
Custom to define you own threshold.
4. Repeat as needed for the D0~D7 softkey.
Figure 130 - THRESHOLDS menu
Logic Family
Threshold Voltage
TTL
1.5 V
CMOS
1.65 V
LVCMOS3.3
1.65 V
LVCMOS2.5
1.25 V
Custom
Variable from -3 V to +3 V
Table 10 - Logic thresholds
• The threshold you set applies to all channels in the chosen channel group.
• Values greater than the set threshold are high (1) and values less than the set threshold
are low (0).
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138
• If the D0~D7 softkey is set to Custom, press the Custom softkey and turn the Universal
Knob to select the desired value (-3 V to 3 V) and push the knob to confirm.
16.7 Repositioning a Digital Channel
1. Press the Digital button on the front panel to open the DIGITAL function menu and display
the digital channel waveforms.
Figure 131 - Reposition digital channel
2. Press the fourth softkey to select Activated Channel and push the Universal Knob to confirm.
Turn the Universal Knob to select the channel to reposition. The selected waveform is
highlighted in red.
3. Press the fourth softkey to select Position and push the Universal Knob to confirm. Turn the
Universal Knob to move the selected channel to current position.
16.8 Displaying Digital Channels as a Bus
Digital channels may be grouped and displayed as an 8-bit bus, with each value displayed at the
bottom of the display in hex or binary. You can have one or two buses.
To configure and display each bus, follow these steps:
1. Press the Digital button to open the DIGITAL menu and display the digital channel waveforms.
2. Press the Digital Bus softkey to enter the DIGITALBUS menu.
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139
Figure 132 - DIGITALBUS menu
3. Press the Bus Select softkey to select Bus 1 or Bus 2. Selecting Bus 1, for example, will show
the B1 bus display in blue at the bottom of the screen just above the softkeys.
4. Press the System Display softkey to choose Hex, Binary, or Decimal to display the number
represented by the channel inside the B1 or B2 display.
5. A digital status indicator is displayed immediately above the right-most softkeys. A blue box
means the channel is included in the bus. Dark gray means it is excluded from the bus. The
channel with the red box is shown in red on the screen.
The Sampling rate of the digital channels is displayed at the right of the display under the analog
channel information.
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140
17 Arbitrary Waveform Generator
The oscilloscope supports a built-in Arbitrary waveform generator. The generator provides sine,
square, ramp, pulse, DC, noise, cardiac, Gaussian pulse, exponential rise, exponential fall and
Arbitrary waveforms.
17.1 Wave Types and Parameters
1. Press the WaveGen button to enter the built-in Arbitrary waveform generator menu.
a) The first press will turn on the backlight of the WaveGen button. It will also turn the
generator's output on (WAVEGEN BNC connector on the back panel of the oscilloscope)
and enters the WAVEFORM menu.
b) A second press of the WaveGen button will turn off the backlight of the WaveGen
button and turn the generator's output off.
2. Press the Wave Type softkey and turn the Universal Knob or press the Wave Type softkey
continually to select the waveform type. Press the Universal Knob to confirm or wait a few
seconds and the choice will automatically be selected.
3. Press the Frequency softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the waveform frequency. You
can press the Frequency softkey again and you'll be able to set either frequency or period.
4. Press the Amplitude softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the waveform peak-to-peak
amplitude.
5. Press the Offset softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the waveform's DC offset.
The Frequency, Amplitude, and Offset softkeys have regular and Fine selections for coarse and
fine adjustments.
Figure 133 - Waveform parameters
The softkeys available depend on the Wave Type selected:
Sine Frequency, Amplitude, Offset Square Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Duty (duty cycle) Ramp Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Symmetry Pulse Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Width DC Offset Noise Stdev (standard deviation), Mean Cardiac Frequency, Amplitude, Offset Gaus Pulse Frequency, Amplitude, Offset Exp Rise Frequency, Amplitude, Offset Exp Fall Frequency, Amplitude, Offset Arb Frequency, Amplitude, Offset softkeys have two 0 Low-Level and Lo s on the softkey Universal Knob Sine 25 Square 10 Ramp 0.3 Pulse 10 Cardiac 5 Gaus Pulse 5 Exp Rise 5 Exp Fall 5
141
Waveform
Parameters
Sine
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset
Square
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Duty (duty cycle)
Ramp
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Symmetry
Pulse
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Width
DC
Offset
Noise
Stdev (standard deviation), Mean
Cardiac
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset
Gaus Pulse
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset
Exp Rise
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset
Exp Fall
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset
Arb
Frequency, Amplitude, Offset
Table 11 - Waveform parameters
The Amplitude and Offset softkeys have two other selections: High-Level and High-Level Fine for
the amplitude softkey and Low-Level and Low-Level Fine for the offset softkey. When any of
these are chosen, the labels on the softkeys change to High-Level and Low-Level. When the
softkeys are pressed and the Universal Knob is turned, the peak (High) value and minimum (Low)
value of the waveform are adjusted.
The generator's electrical characteristics are:
Amplitude (all waveforms): 4 mV to 6 V peak-to-peak
DC offset (all waveforms): ±3.0 V
Minimum frequency (all waveforms): 1 µHz
The maximum frequency depends on the waveform:
Waveform
Maximum
frequency, MHz
Sine
25
Square
10
Ramp
0.3
Pulse
10
Cardiac
5
Gaus Pulse
5
Exp Rise
5
Exp Fall
5
Table 12 - Waveform maximum frequency
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142
Sine Waveform
Figure 134 Default Sine Waveform
Square Waveform
Press the Duty softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the waveform duty cycle.
Duty: 20% to 80 %
Figure 135 Default Pulse Waveform
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143
Ramp Waveform
Press the Symmetry softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the ramp symmetry.
Symmetry: 0% to 100%
Figure 136 Default Ramp Waveform
Pulse Waveform
Press the Width softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the pulse width. Press Width softkey
again to enter fine adjustment mode with Width Fine softkey being displayed.
Width: 48 ns to 500 us
Figure 137 Default Pulse Waveform
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144
DC Waveform
Figure 138 Default DC Waveform
Noise Waveform
Press the Stdev softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the standard deviation.
Press the Mean softkey and turn the Universal Knob to set the mean
Stdev: 0.3 to 450 mV
Mean: -2.998 to 2.998 V
Figure 139 Default Noise Waveform
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Cardiac Waveform
Figure 140 Default Cardiac Waveform
Gaus Pulse
Figure 141 Default Gaus Pulse
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146
17.2 Arbitrary Waveforms
1. Press the Wave Gen button on the front panel to enable the AWG (arbitrary waveform
generator) and enter the WAVEFORM menu.
2. Using a USB cable, connect the oscilloscope to a Windows PC that has the waveform
generator software installed (download the software from www.bkprecision.com).
3. Double click the waveform generator icon to open the program.
4. Select a waveform file or draw an arbitrary waveform in software.
5. Click the Send wave button at the bottom of the window and it will show a dialog similar to
the following:
Figure 142 - Send wave dialog
6. Click the Store location area and select the location to store the waveform in the oscilloscope.
7. Click the Send button. The oscilloscope will display the message “Saving waveform data,
please wait…”.
8. When saving is complete, the oscilloscope will display “Waveform saved successfully”. Then
it will enter the WAVEFORM menu, the Wave Type will be set to ArbX (X is an integer between
1 and 4) to the "Store location" chosen in the window above.
Figure 143 - AWG menu
9. To delete the arbitrary waveform, press the Delete softkey.
147
10. Press the Setting softkey to enter the SETTING menu.
11. Press the Output Load softkey to select high impedance (High-Z) or 50 Ω.
17.3 Output Impedance
1. Press the Wave Gen button to enter the WAVEFORM menu.
2. Press the Setting softkey to enter the SETTING menu.
3. Press the Output Load softkey to select high impedance (High-Z) or 50 Ω. The impedance
selection will be shown on the top line of the display next to Awg.
17.4 Set Default Values
A softkey in the WAVEFORM menu lets you restore the default wave type, frequency, amplitude,
and DC offset:
1. Press the Wave Gen button to enter the WAVEFORM menu.
2. Press the Setting softkey to enter the SETTING menu.
3. Press the Default softkey to restore the default values a sine waveform of 1 kHz frequency, 4
Vpp, and 0 V DC offset.
17.5 AWG Self Cal
If the ambient operating temperature changes more than 5 °C and the instrument runs more
than 30 minutes, you should run the AWG self calibration routine to reduce thermal offset
effects.
1. Press the Wave Gen button to enter the WAVEFORM menu.
2. Press the Setting softkey to enter the SETTING menu.
3. Press the AWG Self Cal softkey to run the AWG self-calibration program.
Note: The output impedance of the generator must match that of the oscilloscope or the amplitude of the
signal will be incorrect.
mm mu , m um
148
Figure 144 - AWG self-calibration
4. When the self calibration program completes (it will take approximately 5 seconds), press the
Run/Stop button to return to the SETTING menu.
rerlarrnanca characteristics Wavalonn Math Bandwidth 70 MHZ/160 MHz/260 MHz Rise Time <5><3.5><1.a ns="" wavalonn="" measurement:="" digital.="" 15="" (vmsd="" rnodels="" or="" with="" lazsak="" upgradel="" waverom,="" and”="" ram="" 60.000="" wrung/5="" delay="" l="">lrase, FRR, FRF, FFR, w, LRR, LRF, er, skew “MW“ gandwmm Limits 20 MHZ 5t Current, Mean, Min, Max, 5tdev, Count Input Coupling 0:, Ac, GND 62mg ' 2 domain l/D Interline so a 1 2% Standard LISB Must, use Device, LAN, Pass/Fail, rngger 0m cn to an isolation >40dB Pass/Fail 3.3 V m Dulpm mulflflnn System Dlsplfly Syflem Peak Detect 1 ns Display a" CularTFFLCD, 5m x 430 Resolution Average 11, 15, 32, 54, 123, 255, 512, 1024 Wave Display Mode Vectors, Duts Enhanced Resullfllon 0.51, 1.5, 2., 2,5, 3 trits selectable Persistence Off, in e, 1 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec, so sec interpolation sinlxl/x, Linear lntznsllv Grading 255 Levels Venlul 5mm Venlcal Resolution 3 tnts Vertical5en ' ' WV 500 uv/diu to 1m V/dlv 1125 l Maximum lupin Voltage 1 Mn < 1100="" vpk;="" so="" n=""><5 vrrns="" envlmnmnnnl="" and="" salary="" occaln="" accuracy="" gm="" 5="" mv/div="" to="" 10="" v/dlv;="" 14%.="">< 2="" mv/div="" riaruonral="" 915mm="" storage.="" 720="" 'c="" to="" «so="" ”a="" 1irne="" aase="" range="" 2.0="" nsldivtu="" sos/div="" storage:="" 55%="" rh,="" 55="" 1,24="" nuurs="" storage:="" 15,255="" rn="" lectrornagnetlc="" cumpa="" twe="" 2005="" 1.2001="" general="" power="" requlvemems="" 1m)="" to="" 240="" vac,="" cat="" h,="" so="" va="" max,="" 45="" hz="" to="" me="" hz="" dimensiuns="" (wx="" h="" x="" d)="" 4,3"="" x="" 7.2”="" x="" 13.114123="" x="" 134="" x="" 340="" mm)="" w="" 7.3="" ltrs="" (3.3="" kg)="" thle="" eor="" warranty="" time="" aase="" accunw="" :25="" ppm="" air="" to="" en="" deskew="" range="" 1100="" ns="" inner="" system="" modes="" auto,="" normal,="" single="" coupling="" dqac,="" lf="" relect,="" hf="" reject,="" noise="" reject="" cn14lr2="" internal="" 5="" div="" lrarn="" center="" ext/5:13="" v="" hulerff="" range="" 100="" us="" to="" 1.5="" 5="" serial="" trigger="" lzc,="" spl,="" uart/r5232,="" can,="" lln="" cumvs="" mode="" manual,="" track="" measurements="" at,="" 1m,="" x2,="" x1,="" av,="" v2,="" v1="" 1s-cnannel="" digital="" logic="" probe="" llstaoc)="">
149
18 Specifications
Note: All specifications apply to the unit after a temperature stabilization time of 30 minutes
over an ambient temperature range of 23 °C ± 5 °C.
Model 2540C / 2542C / 2544C
Performance Characteristics
Bandwidth
70 MHz / 100 MHz / 200 MHz
Rise Time
<5 ns / <3.5 ns / <1.8 ns
Sample Rate
1 GSa/s (single channel),
500 MSa/s (dual channel)
Input Channels Analog: 2
Digital: 16 (-MSO models or with LA2540C upgrade)
Memory Depth
14 Mpts (single channel), 7 Mpts (dual
channel)
Waveform Update Rate
60,000 wfms/s
Hardware Bandwidth Limits
20 MHz
Input Coupling
DC, AC, GND
Input Impedance 1 MΩ ± 2% || (22 pF ±3 pF)
50 Ω ± 2%
Ch to Ch Isolation
>40dB
Acquisition System
Peak Detect
1 ns
Average
4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024
Enhanced Resolution
0.5, 1, 1.5, 2., 2.5, 3 bits selectable
Interpolation
Sin(x)/x, Linear
Vertical System
Vertical Resolution
8 bits
Vertical Sensitivity
500 μV/div to 10 V/div (1-2-5 )
Maximum Input Voltage
1 MΩ < 400 Vpk; 50 Ω <5 Vrms
DC Gain Accuracy
±3%: 5 mV/div to 10 V/div; ±4%: < 2 mV/div
Horizontal System
Time Base Range
2.0 ns/div to 50 s/div
Time Base Accuracy
±25 ppm
Ch to Ch Deskew Range
±100 ns
Trigger System
Modes
Auto, Normal, Single
Coupling
DC, AC, LF Reject, HF Reject, Noise Reject Ch1-Ch2
Trigger Level
Internal: ±4.5 div from center
External: EXT: ±0.6 V
EXT/5: ±3 V
Hold-Off Range
100 ns to 1.5 s
Types
Edge, Slope, Pulse, Video, Window,
Interval, Dropout, Runt, Pattern
Serial Trigger
I
2
C, SPI, UART/RS232, CAN, LIN
Cursors
Mode
Manual, Track
Measurements
∆T, 1/∆T, X2, X1, ∆V, Y2, Y1
Waveform Math
Math Operation
Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, FFT,
Derivative, Integral, Square Root
FFT
Windows: Rectangle, Blackman,
Hanning, Hamming, Flattop
Waveform Measurements
Voltage
Vpp, Vmax, Vmin, Vamp, Vtop, Vbase, Mean,
Cmean, Stdev, Cstd, Vrms, Crms, FOV, FPRE, ROV,
RPRE, Level@Trigger
Time
+SR, -SR, Period, Freq, +Width, -Width, Rise, Fall,
BWidth, +Duty, -Duty, Time@Mid
Delay
Phase, FRR, FRF, FFR, FFF, LRR, LRF, LFF, Skew
Statistics
Current, Mean, Min, Max, Stdev, Count
Gating
Time domain
I/O Interface
Standard
USB Host, USB Device, LAN, Pass/Fail, Trigger Out
Pass/Fail
3.3 V TTL Output
Display System
Display
8” Color TFT-LCD, 800 x 480 Resolution
Wave Display Mode
Vectors, Dots
Persistence
Off, Infinite, 1 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec, 30 sec
Intensity Grading
256 Levels
Language
Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese,
English, French, Japanese, Korean,
German, Russian, Italian, Portuguese
Environmental and Safety
Temperature Operating: 10 °C to +40 °C
Storage: -20 °C to +60 °C
Humidity Operating: 85% RH, 40 °C, 24 hours
Storage: 85% RH, 65 °C, 24 hours
Altitude Operating: 3,000 m
Storage: 15,266 m
Electromagnetic
Compatibility
EMC Directive 2004/108/EC, EN61326:2006
Safety Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC, EN61010-
1:2001
General
Power Requirements
100 to 240 VAC, CAT II, 50 VA Max, 45 Hz to 440 Hz
Dimensions (W x H x D)
4.8” x 7.2” x 13.4” (123 x 184 x 340 mm)
Weight
7.3 lbs (3.3 kg)
Three-Year Warranty
Included Accessories
Passive probes (one per channel), power
cord, certificate of calibration, USB (Type A
to B) communication cable
Optional Accessories
16-channel digital logic probe (LP2540C)
ine, Squ Noise Rise Arbitrary A slots for Arbitrary Wavelorms Maximum Output Frequency 25 MHz sample Rate 125 M5a/s Frequency Resolution 1 pH: Frequency Accuracy :50 ppm Vertical Resnlution 14 hits 50 (1 Mn Output Impedance 50 0 cm short-circuit Protection Prnlecllnn Frequency 1 mm 25 MHz as * Offselsett mVpp) (100 kHz, 5 Vpp) 5 MHZ In 25 MHz: -50 dB: 5 MHZ In 25 MHz: -45 dB: Frequency 1 mm 10 MHz Duty cycle 20% to 80% Rise/Fall Time < 2:="" ns="" (10%="" to="" 90%)="" evershodtu="" khz="" typical)="" pulse="" width=""> 50 ns Jitter < 500="" ps="" t="" 10="" ppm="" frequency="" 1="" pm="" to="" 300="" khz="" symmetry="" mm="" 100%="" (adjustable)="" :15="" v="" (50="" m="" l?="" vihigh-zl="" accuracy="" siloflsetmms="" mv)="" bandwidth=""> 25 MHz (-3 da) Frequency 1 szto 5 MHZ Wave Length 15 Km; Sample Rate 115 M52]: Threshold Recorded List signal Address signal Edge Select IdIe tevel Bit Order signal Data width Parity check Stop Bit IdIe tevel signal Source Supported Specification Digital channels sample Rate Meni D um Input Swing Input Impedance Maximum Input Frequency -A.5 m A.5 div 1 to 7 Lines scL, SDA 7 hit, 10 bit CLK, MlSO, MOSI, CS Rising Falling tow, High MSE, LSB RX, TX 5, 5, 7, a hit None, odd, Even 1, 1.5, 2 hit tow, High cAIxLH, CANiL cAILH, CAN}, cAILH-CAILL Ver1.3, Ver2.0 1s 5m Msa/s 14 M mm s 20 Vpeak ol threshold mvl :mv 1cm kn H a pr an MHz 1116i talsampleinterval) Custom [73m .3 vi
150
Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator
Waveforms Sine, Square, Ramp, Pulse, DC,
Noise , Cardiac, Gaus Pulse, Exp
Rise
Arbitrary
4 Slots for Arbitrary Waveforms
Maximum Output Frequency
25 MHz
Sample Rate
125 MSa/s
Frequency Resolution
1 μHz
Frequency Accuracy
±50 ppm
Vertical Resolution
14 bits
Amplitude Range -1.5 to +1.5 V @ 50 Ω; -3 to +3 V @ 1
MΩ
Output Impedance
50 Ω ±2%
Protection
Short-Circuit Protection
Sine Characteristics
Frequency
1 μHz to 25 MHz
Offset Accuracy (100 kHz) ±(0.3 dB * Offset Setting Value + 1
mVpp)
Amplitude flatness ±0.3 dB
(100 kHz, 5 Vpp)
Spurious (non harmonics)
DC to 1 MHz: -60 dBc
1 MHz to 5 MHz: -55 dBc
5 MHz to 25 MHz: -50 dBc
Harmonic distortion DC to 5 MHz: -50 dBc
5 MHz to 25 MHz: -45 dBc
Square/Pulse Characteristics
Frequency
1 μHz to 10 MHz
Duty Cycle
20% to 80%
Rise/Fall Time
< 24 ns (10% to 90%)
Overshoot (1 kHz, 1 Vpp
Typical)
< 3%
Pulse Width
> 50 ns
Jitter
< 500 ps + 10 ppm
Ramp Characteristics
Frequency
1 μHz to 300 kHz
Linearity (Typical) < 0.1% of Pk-Pk (Typical, 1 kHz, 1 Vpp,
100% Symmetry)
Symmetry
0% to 100% (Adjustable)
DC Characteristics
Offset Range ±1.5 V (50 Ω)
±3 V (High-Z)
Accuracy
±(|offset|*1%+3 mV)
Noise Characteristics
Bandwidth
> 25 MHz (-3 dB)
Arbitrary Wave Characteristics
Frequency
1 μHz to 5 MHz
Wave Length
16 Kpts
Sample Rate
125 MSa/s
Serial Decoder (DC2540C)
Threshold
-4.5 to 4.5 div
Recorded List
1 to 7 Lines
I2C Decoder
Signal
SCL, SDA
Address
7 bit, 10 bit
SPI Decoder
Signal
CLK, MISO, MOSI, CS
Edge Select
Rising Falling
Idle Level
Low, High
Bit Order
MSB, LSB
UART / RS232 Decoder
Signal
RX, TX
Data Width
5, 6, 7, 8 bit
Parity Check
None, Odd, Even
Stop Bit
1, 1.5, 2 bit
Idle Level
Low, High
CAN Decoder
Signal
CAN_H, CAN_L
Source
CAN_H, CAN_L, CAN_H-CAN_L
LIN Decoder
Supported Specification
Ver1.3, Ver2.0
MSO Digital Channels (LA2540C/LP2540C)
Digital Channels
16
Sample Rate
500 MSa/s
Memory Depth
14 Mpts/Ch
Maximum Input Voltage
± 20 Vpeak
Threshold Accuracy ± (3% of threshold setting + 150
mV)
Input Dynamic Range
± 10 V
Minimum Input Voltage
Swing
800 mVpp
Input Impedance
100 kΩ || 8 pF
Maximum Input Frequency
60 MHz
Minimum Detectable Pulse
Width
8.3 ns
Ch to Ch Skew
± (1 digital sample interval)
User Defined Threshold
Range
± 3 V in 10 mV steps
Threshold Selections TTL, CMOS, LVCMOS3.3, LVCMOS2.5,
Custom (-3 to +3 V)
ensur
151
19 Troubleshooting
Possible problems and solutions are listed below. If one of these problems is encountered, check
each possible solution listed below it. If the issue is not resolved, please contact your sales
representative.
1. The screen remains dark after power on
1) Pull out the power cord from the oscilloscope and check whether the fuse is burned out.
If the fuse is defective, please replace with a fuse of the same size and rating. If you have
questions, please contact your sales representative.
2) Connect the AC power cord to your mains supply outlet and the oscilloscope.
3) Check that AC power is available (the LED in the power switch should be oscillating in
brightness).
4) Turn the power switch on by pressing it (it only takes a light press). The panel buttons
with LEDs should all light immediately.
5) If these steps do not solve the problem, please contact your sales representative.
2. After the signal is sampled, there is no displayed waveform
1) Check that the probe is correctly connected to the signal connecting cord.
a) A typical 10X passive probe should have a resistance between the ends of the signal
conductor of 9 MΩ.
2) Check that the signal connecting cord is connected to the correct BNC input connector.
3) Check the probe by connecting it to the 1 kHz compensation signal on the oscilloscope's
front panel (adjust the compensation if necessary).
4) Verify the probe is correctly connected to the device under test.
5) Verify that there is signal generated from the item under test (for example, use a logic
probe as an independent check).
6) Press the Default button followed by the Auto Set button. If there is a waveform present
within the oscilloscope's setup range, you should see a signal.
3. The voltage amplitude measured is higher or lower than the actual value.
1) Verify that the attenuation coefficient setting of the current channel matches with the
attenuation ratio of the probe.
2) Check that the probe is compensated correctly.
3) If you have e.g. a 1X/10X switchable probe, ensure the probe's switch is in the same
position as what you've set for the channel's Probe softkey.
4. A waveform is displayed but is not stable
1) Ensure the trigger source is the channel you're viewing. The source channel is displayed
in the trigger box at the right-hand edge of the display.
Ensure you h the trigger s impossible t to put the o
152
2) Check to see if the waveform is similar to what is expected. Make certain that the time
base is in the expected range. It is common to not see a signal if the time base is set to
sweep too fast.
3) Check the trigger type: the Edge trigger is suitable for general signals and the Video
trigger is for video signals. The correct trigger type setting can be important in obtaining
a stable display.
4) Ensure you have the correct trigger coupling. For example, a common mistake is to have
the trigger set to LF Reject from a previous measurement and forget this, making it
impossible to trigger on a low frequency signal. The Default key helps in this situation
to put the oscilloscope in a known starting state so there are no surprises. Also try the
Auto Setup button.
5) Change the setting of trigger hold off.
5. No display after pressing Run/Stop
1) Check whether the trigger Mode is “Normal” or “Single”, and if the trigger level exceeds
the waveform range. If the trigger level is set too high, adjust the trigger level to the
middle of the trace or change the trigger Mode to “Auto”.
2) Pressing the Auto Setup button might bring the waveform into view.
6. The displayed signal looks like a ladder
1) The horizontal time base may be set too slow. Try increasing the time base sweep speed
to improve the resolution of the displayed trace.
2) Lines between sampled points may cause the display to appear as a ladder when the
display is in the Vector mode. Try using the Dots mode to see if this results in a more
suitable display.
7. Failure to connect to a PC through USB interface
1) Check the I/O Setting (in the Utility menu) to make sure the setting in USB Device
matches the device currently connected. If needed, restart the oscilloscope.
8. External USB drive is not recognized
1) Check to make certain the USB flash drive is operating correctly in another instrument
or PC.
2) Check if the USB Host can work normally.
3) Make sure the USB disk being used is of the flash type, the instrument does not support
USB of hard disk type.
4) Make sure the file system of the USB storage device is FAT32.
5) Restart the instrument and then insert the USB device to verify operation.
6) If a problem persists, please contact your sales office.
Warranty Service: Pl www.bkgrecision.com Non-Warranty Service www.bkgrecision.com
SERVICE INFORMATION
Warranty Service: Please go to the support and service section on our website at
www.bkprecision.com to obtain a RMA #. Return the product in the original packaging with proof
of purchase to the address below. Clearly state on the RMA the performance problem and return
any leads, probes, connectors and accessories that you are using with the device.
Non-Warranty Service: Please go to the support and service section on our website at
www.bkprecision.com to obtain a RMA #. Return the product in the original packaging to the
address below. Clearly state on the RMA the performance problem and return any leads, probes,
connectors and accessories that you are using with the device. Customers not on an open account
must include payment in the form of a money order or credit card. For the most current repair
charges please refer to the service and support section on our website.
Return all merchandise to B&K Precision Corp. with prepaid shipping. The flat-rate repair charge
for Non-Warranty Service does not include return shipping. Return shipping to locations in North
America is included for Warranty Service. For overnight shipments and non-North American
shipping fees please contact B&K Precision Corp.
B&K Precision Corp.
22820 Savi Ranch Parkway
Yorba Linda, CA 92887
www.bkprecision.com
714-921-9095
Include with the returned instrument your complete return shipping address, contact name,
phone number and description of problem.
mponent p one yearf er serve you, please com ww kgreclslo com
LIMITED ONE-YEAR WARRANTY
B&K Precision Corp. warrants to the original purchaser that its products and the component parts
there of, will be free from defects in workmanship and materials for a period of one year from
date of purchase.
B&K Precision Corp. will, without charge, repair or replace, at its option, defective product or
component parts. Returned product must be accompanied by proof of the purchase date in the
form of a sales receipt.
To help us better serve you, please complete the warranty registration for your new instrument
via our website www.bkprecision.com
Exclusions: This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a
result of unauthorized alterations or repairs. The warranty is void if the serial number is
altered, defaced or removed.
B&K Precision Corp. shall not be liable for any consequential damages, including without
limitation damages resulting from loss of use. Some states do not allow limitations of incidental
or consequential damages. So the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific rights and you may have other rights, which vary from state-to-
state.
B&K Precision Corp.
22820 Savi Ranch Parkway
Yorba Linda, CA 92887
www.bkprecision.com
714-921-9095
K Efilfllf‘ll ® "5.1.3.". 2820 Savi Ranch Parkwa Yorba Linda, CA 92887 www‘bkprecisionxom
22820 Savi Ranch Parkway
Yorba Linda, CA 92887
www.bkprecision.com
© 2017 B&K Precision Corp.
V112017

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